{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:41:38Z","timestamp":1777916498656,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ovarian toxic exposures during early development may contribute to reduced ovarian reserve in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored a range of intrauterine, infant, and childhood factors in relation to a biomarker of ovarian reserve, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations, in adulthood. We conducted a cross-sectional exploratory study of 1600 African American women 23\u201335 years of age residing in the Detroit, Michigan metropolitan area, who had serum AMH measurements (Ansh Labs PicoAMH enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and no previous polycystic ovarian syndrome diagnosis. Information on 32 intrauterine, infant, and childhood factors was ascertained by self-administered questionnaires, with 87% of participants receiving assistance from mothers. The percent differences in AMH concentrations in relation to early-life factors and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, current hormonal contraceptive use, and body mass index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the early-life factors evaluated in this study, two maternal pregnancy factors were associated with lower AMH concentrations in adult participants. Participants whose mothers lived or worked on a farm (vs. neither lived nor worked on a farm) when pregnant with the participant had 42% lower AMH concentrations (95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u221262 to \u22129). Among participants whose mothers lived in Michigan when pregnant with the participant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091238), maternal residence in Detroit for at least a month was associated with 22% lower AMH concentrations (95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u221234 to \u22128) in the participant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further research is merited to replicate our findings and identify the aspects of maternal farm exposure and Detroit residence that may be associated with lower AMH concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.7382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,14]],"date-time":"2019-01-14T10:44:55Z","timestamp":1547462695000},"page":"1711-1720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intrauterine, Infant, and Childhood Factors and Ovarian Reserve in Young African American Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Kristen","family":"Upson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen B.","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica E.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna D.","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Hoyer PB. 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