{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:42:09Z","timestamp":1777916529290,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As sex and gender are important considerations in the assessment of toxic chemicals, we investigated whether sex and gender issues have been adequately considered in toxicological databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systemic review was conducted on the toxicity and epidemiology data of eight environmental chemicals (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">i.e.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , cadmium [Cd], lead [Pb], benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and tetrachloroethylene [TCE], bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP], and bisphenol A [BPA]) that appear in three toxicological databases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">i.e.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Hazardous Substances Data Bank, Integrated Risk Information System, and the European Chemicals Agency databases).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic reviews on 4160 data entries pertaining to eight chemicals in three databases revealed that only 13.5% of these were sourced from male and female combined (MF) studies, whereas, 40.6% of the total number of examined entries was sourced from the study in which the sex of the subject was not mentioned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To accurately evaluate the hazardous effect of chemicals, toxicity tests should be designed and conducted for both sexes, and the corresponding endpoints should cover gender concerns. Therefore, databases listing toxicity data as part of the open source literature should select information from MF toxicity and epidemiology studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.7479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T12:50:38Z","timestamp":1557233438000},"page":"1312-1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sex and Gender Analysis of Toxicity and Epidemiology Data on Environmental Chemicals in the Three Major Toxicology Databases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jeongeun","family":"Im","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngji","family":"Gwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee Young","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gendered Innovations in Science and Technology Research, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heisook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gendered Innovations in Science and Technology Research, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-10-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-013-0328-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","volume-title":"Principles of toxicology: Environmental and industrial applications","author":"Roberts S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts S, , Stuchal L, , James R. Human health risk assessment. In: Roberts SM, , James RC, , Williams PL, eds. Principles of toxicology: Environmental and industrial applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2015;346:496."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","volume-title":"Sex, gender and chemicals: Factoring women into Canada's chemicals management plan","author":"Lewis S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lewis S. Sex, gender and chemicals: Factoring women into Canada's chemicals management plan. Ontario, Canada: National Network on Environmens and Women's Health, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2006.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","unstructured":"Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). Available at: http:\/\/toxnet.nlm.nih.gov\/cgi-bin\/sis\/htmlgen?HSDB Accessed June16 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","unstructured":"Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Available at: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/iris Accessed June16 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","unstructured":"European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) databases. Available at: https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/information-on-chemicals Accessed June16 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00396.2014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jwh.2018.7479","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2018.7479","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2018.7479","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:50:01Z","timestamp":1777657801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jwh.2018.7479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jwh.2018.7479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2018.7479","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-9996","1931-843X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-9996","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-843X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}