{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:48:49Z","timestamp":1790704129997,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Barriers in the built environment, enduring stereotypes and biases, and limited disability competency of health care providers compromise access to and quality of reproductive health care for women with physical disabilities. One way to improve our understanding of critical factors that drive reproductive health inequity and its impact on access to care is to use patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that capture relevant and meaningful information about experience. In this study, we developed a conceptual framework as the foundation for relevant and clinically meaningful patient-reported outcome measures targeting the interface of disability and reproductive health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted semistructured focus groups and interviews to assess women's experiences around their reproductive health and contextual factors related to disability. We used deductive and inductive qualitative coding approaches to develop the conceptual framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-one women between the ages of 16 and 50 with a self-reported physical disability, defined by an impairment of mobility, participated in 13 focus groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200964) and 17 individual interviews. Five major themes characterized the conceptual framework that emerged\u2014knowledge about reproductive health, communication about reproductive health, relationships, the reproductive health care environment, and self-advocacy\/identity\u2014all of which had some relationship with five major reproductive health issues\u2014pregnancy and labor\/delivery, periods and menstrual management, contraception, sexuality and sexual functioning, and pelvic examinations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This conceptual framework will serve as a foundation for PROM and guide intervention development to reduce reproductive health inequity and improve reproductive health outcomes of women with physical disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2019.8174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T23:11:07Z","timestamp":1589929867000},"page":"1427-1436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Reproductive Health in Women with Physical Disability: A Conceptual Framework for the Development of New Patient-Reported Outcome Measures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Claire Z.","family":"Kalpakjian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi M.","family":"Kreschmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary D.","family":"Slavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela A.","family":"Kisala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth H.","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy D.","family":"Chiaravalloti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Langone Health Department of Research\/Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Bushnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Langone Health Department of Research\/Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Amtmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Tulsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Assessment Research and Translation, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxanne","family":"Madrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Parten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Evitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn L.","family":"Grawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann Arbor Center for Independent Living, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"United Nations Population Information Network. 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