{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:58:28Z","timestamp":1790888308651,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vulvovaginitis (VV). About 20% of women will experience recurrent infections in their lifetime with non-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">albicans Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      (NAC) species being one of the causative agents. Although studies have looked at risk factors for recurrent VVC they are limited in scope. In this study, we explore whether risks of recurrent VVC are increased with NAC infections compared to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through an institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review, we identified 174 women with positive yeast cultures and followed their charts to assess recurrent visits and treatments. We also assessed several baseline variables such as race, age, body mass index (BMI), obstetric history, probiotic use, contraceptive use, mycological therapy, steroid use, hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, and medical comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women with NAC VV were more likely to have multiple visits for recurring infections compared to women who had\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      VV (66% vs. 34%). The women with multiple recurrences were younger, had a lower BMI, had lower parity, and endorsed higher use of probiotics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with positive NAC cultures were more likely to have multiple visits to their physicians for VV complaints. Identifying the causative species using vaginal fungal cultures can more accurately guide therapy and lead to better outcomes for these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T12:49:09Z","timestamp":1626958149000},"page":"1588-1596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Risks for Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Caused by Non-Albicans\n                    <i>Candida<\/i>\n                    Versus\n                    <i>Candida Albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Boyd Tressler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8876-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Metabel","family":"Markwei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OBGYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OBGYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Procop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Soper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwatosin","family":"Goje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."},{"name":"OBGYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60917-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)90722-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-169"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leusink P Van De Pasch S Teunissen D Laan ET Lagro-Janssen AL. The relationship between vulvovaginal candidiasis and provoked vulvodynia: A systematic review. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.07.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.06.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","unstructured":"Vulvovaginal Candidiasis-2015 STD Treatment Guidelines. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/tg2015\/candidiasis.htm Accessed January20 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-2-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.11.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Venugopal D Husain K Mustafa SA Sabeen S. Epidemiology risk factors and antimicrobial profile of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC): A study among women in the central region of Saudi Arabia. J Mycol Med 2020. 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