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Risk factors for PND include stressful life events, history of depression, poor social support, unplanned and unwanted pregnancies, poor relationship quality, current or previous abuse, and low socioeconomic status. This mental disorder has been shown to have negative effects on mothers' quality of life and their intimate relationships, birth outcomes, and breastfeeding likelihood, as well as long-term effects on children's cognitive and emotional development. To date, no nationally representative study has examined whether there are socioeconomic and\/or racial\/ethnic differences in PND. This study discusses the prevalence and risk factors for PND, as well as its health consequences for mothers and children, the reasons for its underreporting and undertreatment, the evidence for different screening instruments and different treatment options, and the existing supportive policies to address this disorder in the United States. We conclude with outlining next steps in addressing the gaps in the literature on PND.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T12:53:20Z","timestamp":1604667200000},"page":"154-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":276,"title":["Perinatal Depression: Challenges and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rada K.","family":"Dagher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah E.","family":"Bruckheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Colpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmeline","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Extramural Research, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Della B.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Extramural Research, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"852","article-title":"Identification and management of peripartum depression","volume":"93","author":"Langan R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langan R, , Goodbred AJ. 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