{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:26:19Z","timestamp":1789539979272,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Globally 10% of women have an unmet need for contraception, with higher rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Programs to improve family planning (FP) outcomes require data on how service characteristics (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , geographic access, quality) and women's characteristics are associated with contraceptive use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We combined data from health facility assessments (2018 and 2019) and a population-based regional household survey (2018) of married and in-union women ages 15\u201349 in the Kigoma Region of Tanzania. We assessed the associations between contraceptive use and service (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">i.e.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , distance, methods available, personnel) and women's (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , demographic characteristics, fertility experiences and intentions, attitudes toward FP) characteristics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this largely rural sample (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094,372), 21.7% of women used modern reversible contraceptive methods. Most variables were associated with contraceptive use in bivariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, access to services located &lt;2\u2009km of one's home that offered five methods (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20091.57, confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.18\u20132.10) and had basic amenities (aOR\u2009=\u20091.66, CI\u2009=\u20091.24\u20132.2) increased the odds of contraceptive use. Among individual variables, believing that FP benefits the family (aOR\u2009=\u20093.65, CI\u2009=\u20092.18\u20136.11) and believing that contraception is safe (aOR\u2009=\u20092.48, CI\u2009=\u20091.92\u20133.20) and effective (aOR\u2009=\u20093.59, CI\u2009=\u20092.63\u20134.90) had strong associations with contraceptive use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both service and individual characteristics were associated with contraceptive use, suggesting the importance of coordination between efforts to improve access to services and social and behavior change interventions that address motivations, knowledge, and attitudes toward FP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T15:02:08Z","timestamp":1623769328000},"page":"447-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Factors Associated with Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Joan Marie","family":"Kraft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florina","family":"Serbanescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisambi","family":"Mwanshemele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programs Team, EngenderHealth, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia G.","family":"Ruiz C.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godson","family":"Maro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloomberg Philanthropies, Tanzania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Chaote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Social Welfare and Nutrition Division, President's Office Regional Administration and Local Government, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Family planning and the 2030 agenda for sustainable development: Data booklet","author":"United Nations","year":"2019","unstructured":"United Nations, , Department of Economic and Social Affairs, , Population Division. 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Afr J Reprod Health, 2012; 16:48\u201356.","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czy058"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-6-79"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187311"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-000765"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218157"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/4102015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/4106915"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932005001045"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-015-0104-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009991"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0824-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/intsexrephea.41.4.0191"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0281-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","unstructured":"United Republic of Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics Office of Chief Government Statistician Zanzibar. 2012 Population and housing census. Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar Tanzania: United Republic of Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics and Office of Chief Government Statistician Zanzibar 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","volume-title":"Tanzania demographic and health survey and malaria indicator survey (TDHS-MIS) 2015\u201316. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, , Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC) [Tanzania Mainland], Ministry of Health (MoH) [Zanzibar], National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS), ICF. Tanzania demographic and health survey and malaria indicator survey (TDHS-MIS) 2015\u201316. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and. Rockville, MD: MoHCDGEC, MoH, NBS, OCGS, and ICF, 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","unstructured":"Bloomberg Philanthropies. Preventing maternal mortality and expanding reproductive health access 2020. 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