{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:01:53Z","timestamp":1792677713998,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hirsutism is the most common clinical symptom of hyperandrogenism, but racial and ethnic-specific thresholds have not been established. Our objective was to characterize hirsutism using self-report of hair growth in a large sample of African American women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids is a prospective community-based cohort study of African American women (23\u201334 at recruitment). A total of 1568 participants received the modified Ferriman\u2013Gallwey (mFG) pictorial assessment and were asked if they were ever bothered by excess hair. We estimated the prevalence of hirsutism (mFG score \u22658) and associations of acne, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and menstrual cycle characteristics with hirsutism. We also explored hirsutism defined by the 95th percentile of scores in our cohort (mFG\u2009=\u200911) and a newly recommended criterion, mFG\u2009=\u20094.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We could determine hirsutism status in 1556 women. Thirty-seven percent reported being bothered by excess hair, and 10% met the mFG criterion for hirsutism. History of severe facial acne was positively associated with hirsutism (prevalence ratio: 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30\u20132.76), as was physician-diagnosed PCOS (2.22, 95% CI: 1.30\u20133.81). Women with irregular menstrual cycles were also more likely to report hirsutism (1.78, 95% CI: 1.00\u20133.18). Results were similar using mFG \u226511 and attenuated using mFG \u22654.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hirsutism prevalence was 10% in this community sample of African American women and was associated with PCOS, severe acne, and irregular menstrual cycles suggesting this represented hirsutism caused by hyperandrogenism. Ethnically diverse, population-based studies assessing the association between mFG score and androgen levels are needed to better understand the hirsutism threshold as a clinical marker of hyperandrogenism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2021.0125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T16:49:41Z","timestamp":1631638181000},"page":"1580-1587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence of Hirsutism Among Reproductive\u2014Aged African American Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5090-6909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen B.","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA."},{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica E.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna D.","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00241"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0b013e3181946a2c"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20555"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.2611"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90746-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr042"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","first-page":"2434","article-title":"A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain","volume":"85","author":"Asunci\u00f3n M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Asunci\u00f3n M, , Calvo RM, , San Mill\u00e1n JL, , Sancho J, , Avila S, , Escobar-Morreale HF. 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