{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:51:23Z","timestamp":1785365483136,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex differences have been demonstrated in the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Women (F) were found to be less prone to develop a severe disease than men (M), but few studies have assessed sex-differences in Long-COVID-19 syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this prospective\/retrospective study was to characterize the long-term consequences of this infection based on sex. For this purpose, we enrolled 223 patients (89 F and 134\u2009M) who were infected by SARS-CoV-2. In the acute phase of the illness, F reported the following symptoms more frequently than M: weakness, dysgeusia, anosmia, thoracic pain, palpitations, diarrhea, and myalgia\u2014all without significant differences in breathlessness, cough, and sleep disturbance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a mean follow-up time of 5 months after the acute phase, F were significantly more likely than M to report dyspnea, weakness, thoracic pain, palpitations, and sleep disturbance but not myalgia and cough. At the multivariate logistic regression, women were statistically significantly likely to experience persistent symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations. On the contrary, myalgia, cough, and sleep disturbance were not influenced by sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrated that F were more symptomatic than M not only in the acute phase but also at follow-up. Sex was found to be an important determinant of Long-COVID-19 syndrome because it is a significant predictor of persistent symptoms in F, such as dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, and palpitations. Our results suggest the need for long-term follow-up of these patients from a sex perspective to implement early preventive and personalized therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2021.0411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T16:05:42Z","timestamp":1648224342000},"page":"620-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Sex-Related Differences in Long-COVID-19 Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7676-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Pel\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."},{"name":"Department of General and Specialistic Medicine, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Goldoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emila","family":"Solinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Cardiology Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tagliaferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Ranzieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Frizzelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."},{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Anselmo","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Pulmonology and Endoscopic Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Majori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Pulmonology and Endoscopic Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."},{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Corradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Chetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy."},{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Global Health 5050. 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