{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:08Z","timestamp":1787008208298,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKi) play a role in member retention in the military. In general, female military members have higher rates of MSKi than males and female reproductive health characteristics may be contributing to these disparities. This study seeks to characterize reproductive health factors in female Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members and their relationship with MSKi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An electronic survey (SurveyMonkey\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) was made available to present and former CAF members 18\u201365 years of age. Responses were collected between September 2020 and February 2021. Seven female reproductive characteristics were assessed: age of menarche, menstrual cycle regularity, birth control use, having given birth while serving, endometriosis, early menopause, and secondary oligomenorrhea\/amenorrhea. Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze associations between reproductive characteristics with repetitive strain (RSI) and acute injuries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 2,001 participants consented to the survey with 855 respondents being female. Females reporting menstrual cycles as never regular, irregular for a few months, who never had a period, and whose periods stopped while serving presented a greater likelihood of reporting RSI compared to their peers who reported regular menstrual cycles (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.898, confidence interval [CI]: 1.138\u20133.166). Participants who have experienced endometriosis presented a higher likelihood of reporting acute injuries than those who did not (aOR: 2.426, CI: 1.030\u20135.709).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This examination of females within the CAF suggests that irregular menstrual cycles or absent periods increase the likelihood of experiencing MSKi, namely those categorized as RSI injuries and reporting endometriosis were associated with greater rates of acute injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2021.0647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T11:55:26Z","timestamp":1662983726000},"page":"199-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association Between Reproductive Health Factors and Musculoskeletal Injuries in Female Canadian Armed Forces Members"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Puranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo F. da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris M.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taniya S.","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara S.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Semeniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi B.","family":"Adamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Akin D. Canada's Armed Forces struggling to hit diversity goals turns to new digital recruiting tools. Global News [Internet]; September 2018. Available from: https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/4450927\/canada-armed-forces-diversity-goals-digital-recruiting\/ [Last accessed: August 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"Government of Canada. Innovation for Defence Excellence and Security (IDEaS). Website; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-national-defence\/programs\/defence-ideas.html. 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Andover (Hants) (United Kingdom): Ministry of Defence; 2016; p. 6."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.95.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa555"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","article-title":"Correlates of acute and repetitive strain injuries among Canadian Armed Forces personnel: Health and Lifestyle Information Survey analyses","author":"Gu\u00e9rin E","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gu\u00e9rin E, , Barbara A. Correlates of acute and repetitive strain injuries among Canadian Armed Forces personnel: Health and Lifestyle Information Survey analyses. Ottawa, ON, Canada: National Defence; January, 2020; p. 33. 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Contribution of diminished ovarian reserve to hypofertility associated with endometriosis. J Reprod Med, 2001; 46(1):7\u201310. 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