{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:46:44Z","timestamp":1777916804342,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether long-term sun exposure has a protective role in subclinical cardiovascular disease in adult Mexican women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort (MTC) study. Sun exposure was assessed in the MTC 2008 baseline questionnaire, in which women were asked about their sun-related behavior. Vascular neurologists measured carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using standard techniques. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the difference in mean IMT and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), according to categories of sun exposure and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs for carotid atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of participants was 49.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5 years, the mean IMT was 0.678\u2009\u00b1\u20090.097\u2009mm, and the mean accumulated hours of weekly sun exposure were 2.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was 20.9%. Compared with women in the lowest quartile of sun exposure, women in the highest quartile had lower mean IMT, but this was not significant in the multivariable adjusted analysis. (Adjusted mean % difference: \u22120.8; 95% CI: \u22122.3 to 0.8). The multivariate adjusted ORs of carotid atherosclerosis were 0.54 (95% CI: 0.24\u20131.18) for women who were exposed 9 hours. For women who denied regular sunscreen use, those in the higher exposure category (9 hours) had lower mean IMT compared with those in the lower category (multivariable-adjusted mean % difference\u2009=\u2009\u22122.67; 95% CI: \u22126.9 to \u22121.5).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed that cumulative sun exposure was inversely associated with IMT and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. If these findings are further replicated and seen for other cardiovascular outcomes, sun exposure could be an easy, affordable strategy to lower overall cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2022.0135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T16:02:40Z","timestamp":1676563360000},"page":"366-374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sun Exposure and Intima-Media Thickness in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONACYT-Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario H.","family":"Flores-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Catzin-Kuhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruy","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ridaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General, Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lajous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico."},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz L.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii."},{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cant\u00fa-Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Denova-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Healthy Environments and Chronic Disease Prevention, Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10159","key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","first-page":"2091","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2018","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 2018; 392(10159):2091\u20132138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000067703.71251.B6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000257515.34445.a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-008-9274-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04474.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2013.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.30.2.150"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/10.4.337"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.207019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6346.919"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww037"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.628875"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.11.1174"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.12.1340"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1551-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1870"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv123"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12251"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0982"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400103"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000343145"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Retrieved from https:\/\/health.gov\/paguidelines\/pdf\/paguide.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-36341998000200005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture. USDA national nutrient database for standard reference release. 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2050482"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182611787"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23737"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws589"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12496"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp496"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007678526840"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-14-133"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2016.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114097"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215219"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj101"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1317-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809944"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","author":"Hoel DG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoel DG, , de Gruijl FR. Sun Exposure Public Health Directives. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018;15(12).","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0135","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0135","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:57:10Z","timestamp":1777658230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jwh.2022.0135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-9996","1931-843X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-9996","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-843X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}}}