{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T16:22:19Z","timestamp":1793982139864,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Few studies evaluate the effects of vitamin D status and supplementation on maternal bone mineral density (BMD) during lactation and further lack inclusion of diverse racial\/ethnic groups, body mass index (BMI), or physical activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine the effects of vitamin D treatment\/status, feeding type, BMI, race\/ethnicity, and physical activity on postpartum women\u2019s BMD to 7 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with singleton pregnancies beginning 4\u20136 weeks\u2019 postpartum were randomized into two treatment groups (400 or 6400 IU vitamin D\/day). Participant hip, spine, femoral neck, and whole-body BMD using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA Hologic), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (RIA; Diasorin), BMI, and physical activity were measured at 1, 4, and 7 months postpartum. A general linear mixed modeling approach was undertaken to assess the effects of vitamin D status [both serum 25(OH)D concentrations and treatment groups], feeding type, race\/ethnicity, BMI, and physical activity on BMD in postpartum women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the 6-month study period, lactating women had 1\u20133% BMD loss in all regions compared with 1\u20133% gain in nonlactating women. Higher maternal BMI was associated with less bone loss in femoral neck and hip regions. Black American women had less BMD loss than White\/Caucasian or Hispanic lactating women in spine and hip regions. Exclusively breastfeeding women in the 6400 IU vitamin D group had less femoral neck BMD loss than the 400 IU group at 4 months sustained to 7 months. Physical activity was associated with higher hip BMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While there was BMD loss during lactation to 7 months, the loss rate was less than previously reported, with notable racial\/ethnic variation. Breastfeeding was associated with loss in BMD compared with formula-feeding women who gained BMD. Higher BMI and physical activity independently appeared to protect hip BMD, whereas higher vitamin D supplementation appeared protective against femoral neck BMD loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2022.0525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T04:13:20Z","timestamp":1717992800000},"page":"887-900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Factors Affecting Postpartum Bone Mineral Density in a Clinical Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Wahlquist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics &amp; Epidemiology, Center for Rural Health Research, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), Johnson City, Tennessee, USA."},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry H.","family":"Blanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Halifax Health Primary Care, New Smyrna Beach, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golaleh","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Sciences, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Baatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shawn Jenkins Children\u2019s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myla","family":"Ebeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shawn Jenkins Children\u2019s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy R.","family":"Shary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shawn Jenkins Children\u2019s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia R.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth A.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce W.","family":"Hollis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shawn Jenkins Children\u2019s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol L.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Shawn Jenkins Children\u2019s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.4.685"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0055"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3018"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2825"},{"issue":"158","key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health","author":"Cranney A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cranney A, , Horsley T, , O\u2019Donnell S, et al. Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep), 2007(158):1\u2013235.","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep)"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.029231"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.012809.104807"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.6.1738"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(99)00236-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-005-5394-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"The influence of pregnancy and lactation on maternal bone health: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Salari P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salari P, , Abdollahi M. The influence of pregnancy and lactation on maternal bone health: A systematic review. J Family Reprod Health, 2014; 8(4):135\u2013148.","journal-title":"J Family Reprod Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00027.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1188"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708213370803"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1654-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107708"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199519020-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181a5a68b"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318251d43e"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1669"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0056"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011793591608"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","volume-title":"2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans: be active, healthy, and happy","author":"United States Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2008","unstructured":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans: be active, healthy, and happy. U. S. Dept. of Health and Human Services: Washington, DC; 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00083-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:17:1:49"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","first-page":"172","article-title":"Biochemical markers of bone turnover in lactating and nonlactating postpartum women","volume":"138","author":"Sowers MF","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sowers MF, , Eyre D, , Hollis BW, et al. Biochemical markers of bone turnover in lactating and nonlactating postpartum women. Am J Dis Childhood, 1995; 138:172\u2013175.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Childhood"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170048"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(91)90092-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650100907"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.6.8964870"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","first-page":"2344","article-title":"Calcium and bone metabolism in pregnancy and lactation","volume":"86","author":"Kovacs CS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kovacs CS. Calcium and bone metabolism in pregnancy and lactation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2001; 86(6):2344\u20132348.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.211"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.4.777"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-0018-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0525","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0525","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0525","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T06:25:34Z","timestamp":1782973534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jwh.2022.0525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2022.0525","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-9996","1931-843X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-9996","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-843X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]}}}