{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:54:31Z","timestamp":1792090471755,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study determined the prevalence of bothersome menstrual symptoms and their association with workability in naturally menstruating women not using hormonal contraception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A representative sample of community-dwelling Australian women aged 18\u201339 years selected from two large national electronic databases responded to a survey on general health. This study focuses on self-reported dysmenorrhea and menstrual bleeding and their association with workability and absenteeism in working women, assessed by the Workability Index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 3,555 women, 1,573 (44.2% [95% CI: 42.6%\u201345.9%]) reported moderate to severe dysmenorrhea and 774 (21.8% [95% CI: 20.4%\u201323.2%]) reported heavy to very heavy bleeding. Women with dysmenorrhea were 50% more likely to report poorer work performance and twice as likely to report more days of sick leave in the past year (absenteeism) than other women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the availability of safe and effective management options, Australian working women aged 18\u201339 years continue to experience bothersome dysmenorrhea and menstrual bleeding. Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased absenteeism and poorer workability. Therefore, awareness needs to be raised among women and health care providers of ways to manage dysmenorrhea and heavy bleeding and the unmet need for intervention in the community, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.0199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T11:40:24Z","timestamp":1693482024000},"page":"1249-1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Dysmenorrhea, Workability, and Absenteeism in Australian Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7155-425X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ensieh","family":"Fooladi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin J.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health Research Program and School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope J.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health Research Program and School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Skiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University Clinical Trial Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Health Research Program and School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076221145852"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2017.23.7.745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.7615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01945.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2020.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","volume-title":"Work Ability Index. 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WS-KENT Publishing Company: Boston; 1988."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-7-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-S7844(02)02094-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.12.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000004096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02407.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00090.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxt009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawood Y. Dysmenorrhea. Glob Libr Womens Med 2008. Available from: https:\/\/www.glowm.com\/section-view\/item\/9 [Last accessed: August2 2023].","DOI":"10.3843\/GLOWM.10009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","article-title":"Should Australia introduce menstrual leave?","author":"Duffy S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duffy S, , Gilbert E, , O'Shea M, et al. Should Australia introduce menstrual leave?. Yes, but we need other period-friendly policies as well. 2022; Available from: https:\/\/theconversation.com\/should-australia-introduce-menstrual-leave-yes-but-we-need-other-period-friendly-policies-as-well-184146 [Last accessed: August 2, 2023].","journal-title":"Yes, but we need other period-friendly policies as well"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"Muroi M. Could Australia follow Spain by introducing national menstrual leave? 2022; Available from: https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/lifestyle\/health-and-wellness\/could-australia-follow-spain-by-introducing-national-menstrual-leave-20220518-p5amg7.html [Last accessed: August 2 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"Melican C Mountford G. 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