{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:48:30Z","timestamp":1777916910835,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the reproductive experiences of physicians across gender and specialty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between November and December 2021, we surveyed nontrainee physicians of all genders at a single quaternary institution using a modified version of an existing survey instrument. Experiences with family planning, fertility, pregnancy, and parental leave were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 422 completed responses. Respondents reported a higher prevalence of infertility as compared to the general U.S. population (26% versus 19%), with no difference in infertility or obstetrical complications by specialty. Most respondents (75%) reported stigma regarding having children in medicine, and 71% reported delaying childbearing. These trends were strongest in the subanalysis of female respondents. Forty-five percent of respondents reported that their work increased the risk for subfertility, infertility, or pregnancy complications. Surgeons were significantly more likely to report physically demanding work conditions (75% versus 30%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), radiation exposure (39% versus 14%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and bloodborne pathogen exposure (25% versus 12%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03) as occupational reproductive hazards. Only 55% of respondents with a pregnancy history reported ever taking parental leave. Among those who took less than the full amount offered, 63% cited concerns about falling behind educationally or professionally as significantly influencing this decision.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results support previous trends showing delayed childbearing and increased infertility among physicians while shedding new light on stigma associated with childbearing and parental leave. A better understanding of the reproductive experiences of physicians is critical to recruiting and retaining a skilled workforce and fostering career and life satisfaction in this profession.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.0579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T07:45:14Z","timestamp":1728546314000},"page":"133-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reproductive Experiences of Physicians in Medical and Surgical Subspecialties"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8684-6052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jensen D.","family":"Reckhow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra J.","family":"Ainsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."},{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology &amp; Infertility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth B.","family":"Habermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Care Delivery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth E.","family":"DeFoster (Bates)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan N.","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandra C.","family":"Shenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."},{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology &amp; Infertility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2014.07.936"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/jaaos-d-20-00198"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24409"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2021.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-019-02801-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2021.3301"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2022.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211064574"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.5420"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/jaaos-d-18-00216"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.0153"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-020-03027-w"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"Physician pregnancy: Male and female colleagues\u2019 attitudes","volume":"47","author":"Tamburrino MB","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tamburrino MB, , Evans CL, , Campbell NB, et al. Physician pregnancy: Male and female colleagues\u2019 attitudes. J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972), 1992; 47(3):82\u201384.","journal-title":"J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972)"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5638"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01541-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8671"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06835-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.37558"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.21.00345"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/acm.0000000000003079"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa. What is Infertility? 2022 (Webpage). 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