{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:48:36Z","timestamp":1777916916349,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) has been found to increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] but effects on calcium and bone homeostasis are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALK) and estradiol, dietary intake of bone-related nutrients and foods, bone mineral density (BMD), and body fat were compared in adult women (20\u201335 years; body mass index 21.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) users (+COC,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932) and nonusers (\u2013COC,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) of COC. Biochemical markers were measured by automated assays. BMD at total body (TB), lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and trochanter (TR), and body fat, were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intake of calcium, dairy foods, and fruits and vegetables, were adequate and did not differ by COC. Mean 25(OH)D was 35% higher in +COC (110.4\u2009\u00b1\u200927.3\u2009nmol\/L, 44.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u2009ng\/mL) compared with \u2013COC (81.7\u2009\u00b1\u200922.8\u2009nmol\/L, 32.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009ng\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Mean PTH, ALK, and estradiol were 28%, 12%, and 62% lower, respectively, in +COC compared with \u2013COC (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Mean BMD\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z-<\/jats:italic>\n                      scores (all sites) were adequate and did not differ by COC. There were no correlations between 25(OH)D and dietary, biochemical, and body composition variables. PTH was inversely correlated with TR-BMD\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      -score in \u2013COC (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.47;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), and ALK was inversely correlated with TB-, TR-, and LS-BMD\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      -scores in \u2013COC (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 \u22120.43;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.04), but not in +COC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased serum 25(OH)D with COC use was paralleled by expected physiologic adjustments in calcium and bone homeostasis, and adequate bone mass status, in nonobese young adult women consuming bone-healthy diets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.0657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T15:10:42Z","timestamp":1709133042000},"page":"805-815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Combined Oral Contraceptives: Association with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Calcium and Bone Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4243-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Marino","family":"Donangelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Nutrici\u00f3n, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo, Uruguay."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Cornes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Nutrici\u00f3n, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo, Uruguay."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Sintes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Nutrici\u00f3n, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo, Uruguay."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia F.","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs. 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