{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:57:20Z","timestamp":1789181840638,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empirical evidence shows women are more likely to report food hardship (e.g., food insufficiency and food insecurity) compared with men. Coronavirus disease-19 exacerbated these gender disparities; however, the impact of postpandemic social\/economic\/regulatory changes on women\u2019s food sufficiency and coping strategies has not been examined. This study evaluates factors associated with food insufficiency among women postpandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used a cross-sectional study design and analyzed data from the U.S. Census Bureau\u2019s Household Pulse Survey. Variations in the likelihood of food insufficiency by age, income, household composition, race\/ethnicity, region, metropolitan status, and employment status among women were evaluated using logistic regression with state-level response clustering. Among women reporting food insufficiency, associations between these characteristics and likelihood of utilizing food assistance programs and\/or donated foods were assessed. Interaction terms accounted for the intersectional nature of these characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with White women, Black (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, confidence interval [CI] = 1.47, 1.88) and Hispanic (OR = 1.77, CI = 1.52, 2.07) women were more likely to report food insufficiency. These likelihoods were higher in households earning &lt;$100,000 (Black OR = 13.17, CI = 10.82, 16.02; Hispanic OR = 9.32, CI = 7.72, 11.25) and &lt;$35,000 (Black OR = 8.65, CI = 15.31, 22.71; Hispanic OR = 17.86, CI = 3.64, 23.40). Racial\/ethnic differences were observed among households with children; no effects appeared in multi-adult households. Food-insufficient Black (OR = 3.74, CI = 2.23, 6.28) and Hispanic (OR = 1.36, CI = 0.79, 2.36) women were more likely to use food assistance programs than Whites. Food-insufficient Hispanic women were more likely to use donated foods (OR = 2.71, CI = 1.84, 3.99).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Food insufficiency among low-income Black and Hispanic women, particularly those with children, is likely to have persisted postpandemic, suggesting a high likelihood of dietary deficits in these households. Additional resources should be dedicated to meet the dietary needs of women and children in vulnerable households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.0788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T10:46:32Z","timestamp":1720694792000},"page":"1690-1698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Food Insufficiency and Coping Resources among Women: Postpandemic Racial, Ethnic, and Household Disparities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Brandi M.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly M.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Charles","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Effects of the coronavirus COVID\u201019 pandemic (CPS). Available from: https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cps\/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm#MayJune [Last accessed: August28 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91307-2.00005-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00008-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture. Food Security in the U.S.: Measurement. Revised October 17 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/topics\/food-nutrition-assistance\/food-security-in-the-u-s\/measurement\/ [Last accessed: August23 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-021-00923-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-021-00364-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.012617"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","unstructured":"Coleman-Jensen A Rabbitt MP Gregory CA et al. Household food security in the United States in 2020: Economic Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington DC; 2021. p. 47. Report No.: ERR-298."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021000355"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00892-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","unstructured":"Fields JF Hunter-Childs J Tersine A et al. Design and Operation of the 2020 Household Pulse Survey. U.S. Census Bureau: Washington DC; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www2.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/demo\/technical-documentation\/hhp\/2020_HPS_Background.pdf [Last accessed: August22 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","unstructured":"Schanzenbach D Pitts A. Food insecurity in the census household pulse survey data tables. Institute for policy research: Chicago IL; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.ipr.northwestern.edu\/documents\/reports\/ipr-rapid-research-reports-pulse-hh-data-1-june-2020.pdf [Last accessed: September5 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26296"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa117"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13023\/jah.0204.06"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524500417692526"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1499-4046(06)60055-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01447-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0000000000000183"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12846"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001072"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102130"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1142577"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2021.06.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jwh.2023.0788","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2023.0788","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2023.0788","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:00:07Z","timestamp":1777658407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jwh.2023.0788"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jwh.2023.0788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2023.0788","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-9996","1931-843X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-9996","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-843X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}}}