{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:51:37Z","timestamp":1790603497477,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women are three times more likely to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer than men, with incidence rates per 100,000 in the United States of 20.2 for women and 7.4 for men. Several reproductive and hormonal factors have been proposed as possible contributors to thyroid cancer risk, including age at menarche, parity, age at menopause, oral contraceptive use, surgical menopause, and menopausal hormone therapy. Our study aimed to investigate potential reproductive\/hormonal factors in a multiethnic population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Risk factors for thyroid cancer were evaluated among female participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 118,344) of the Multiethnic Cohort Study. The cohort was linked to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer incidence and statewide death certificate files in Hawaii and California, with 373 incident papillary thyroid cancer cases identified. Exposures investigated include age at menarche, parity, first pregnancy outcome, birth control use, and menopausal status and type. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain relative risk (RR) of papillary thyroid cancer and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Covariates included age, race and ethnicity, reproductive history, body size, smoking, and alcohol consumption.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We observed a statistically significant increased risk of papillary thyroid cancer for oophorectomy (adjusted RR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.99), hysterectomy (adjusted RR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.04), and surgical menopause (adjusted RR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.97), and decreased risk for first live birth at \u226420 years of age versus nulliparity (adjusted RR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.93). These associations did not vary by race and ethnicity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      het &gt; 0.44).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reproductive risk factors for papillary thyroid cancer reported in the literature were largely confirmed in all racial and ethnic groups in our multiethnic population, which validates uniform obstetric and gynecological practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.0947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T04:23:16Z","timestamp":1716351796000},"page":"1158-1165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reproductive Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Janine V.","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai\u2018i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song-Yi","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai\u2018i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Haiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Le Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai\u2018i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda Y.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai\u2018i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugonna","family":"Ihenacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne R.","family":"Wilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai\u2018i Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8759"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/965212"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31229"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","unstructured":"Worldwide cancer data. 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