{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:49:24Z","timestamp":1777916964350,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs associated with Pap screening adherence among a sample of African American and sub-Saharan African immigrant women in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">via<\/jats:italic>\n                      an online survey. Participants were recruited from central Kentucky counties. Ninety-one eligible women participated (mean age 38 \u00b1 12 years), 49.5% identified as African American. Twenty-nine percent indicated never being screened or not being up-to-date. Self-reported demographic data, HBM constructs for Pap screening, and Pap screening history were collected. Bivariate and logistic regressions were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was a significant negative association between perceived barriers and being up-to-date. For every one-point increase in perceived barriers, the odds of being up-to-date decreased by 81%, (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004; CI: 0.06\u20130.60), findings from further evaluation of the barrier construct showed that barriers significantly associated with screening include items related to lack of knowledge about where to get a Pap screening, lack of time to attend the screening, screening-associated shame and pain, negligence, and age. There were no other significant HBM constructs associated with up-to-date Pap screening status. There was no difference in perceived barriers between African American and sub-Saharan African women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite public health efforts to decrease screening barriers, a perception of barriers exists among Black women. Continued efforts to address screening barriers as well as the perception of barriers are warranted among Black women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.1024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T11:34:45Z","timestamp":1717587285000},"page":"1482-1491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Perceived Barriers to Pap Screening Influence Adherence to Screening Recommendations Among Black Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Adebola","family":"Adegboyega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JungHee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adaeze","family":"Aroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lovoria B.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Healthy People 2030. 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