{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:38:41Z","timestamp":1793119121787,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine trends with a focus on racial and ethnic disparities in reported gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and related outcomes (macrosomia, large for gestational age infants) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina (SC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study of pregnancies resulting in livebirths from 2015 through 2021 was conducted in SC. Statewide maternal hospital and emergency department discharge codes were linked to birth certificate data. GDM was defined by ICD-9-CM (i.e., 648.01\u2013648.02, 648.81\u2013648.82) or ICD-10-CM codes (i.e., O24.4, O24.1, O24.9), or indication of GDM on the birth certificate without evidence of diabetes outside pregnancy (ICD-9-CM: 250.xx; ICD-10-CM: E10, E11, O24.0, O24.1, O24.3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study included 194,777 non-Hispanic White (White), 108,165 non-Hispanic Black (Black), 25,556 Hispanic, and 16,344 other race\u2013ethnic group pregnancies. The relative risk for GDM associated with a 1-year increase was 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01\u20131.02) before the pandemic and 1.12 (1.09\u20131.14) during the pandemic. While there were race\u2013ethnic differences in the prevalence of GDM, increasing trends were similar across all race\u2013ethnic groups before and during the pandemic. From quarter 1, 2020, to quarter 4, 2021, the prevalence of reported GDM increased from 8.92% to 10.85% in White, from 8.04% to 9.78% in Black, from 11.2% to 13.65% in Hispanic, and from 13.3% to 16.16% in other race\u2013ethnic women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increasing prevalence of diagnosed GDM was reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying increasing trends, to develop interventions, and to determine whether the increasing trend continues in subsequent years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.1042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T05:01:34Z","timestamp":1725426094000},"page":"1518-1527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Increasing Prevalence of Diagnosed Gestational Diabetes in South Carolina: 2015\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Kelly J.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."},{"name":"Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Che","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Neelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."},{"name":"Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4726-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dulaney A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalyan","family":"Chundru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey E.","family":"Korte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermes","family":"Florez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA."},{"name":"Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. 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South Carolina department of health and environmental control. South Carolina Vital and Morbidity Statistics 2018 Columbia SC. 2019 [cited 2021 August 2]. Available from: https:\/\/scdhec.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/document\/VMS2018.pdf [Last accessed: August2 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"SC Department of Health and Environmental Control. South Carolina maternal morbidity and mortality review committee legislative brief march 2020. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/dc.statelibrary.sc.gov\/bitstream\/handle\/10827\/34296\/DHEC_Maternal_Morbidity_and_Mortality_Committee_2020-03.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [Last accessed: November29 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","unstructured":"South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control VS. Infant Mortality and Selected Birth Characteristics. 2020 [cited 2021 August 2]. 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