{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:22:54Z","timestamp":1787505774357,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The frequency of cervical insufficiency differs among the major racial and ethnic groups, with limited data specific to Asian American and Native Hawaiian\/Pacific Islander (AANHPI) subpopulations. We assessed cervical insufficiency diagnoses and related outcomes across 10 racial and ethnic groups, including disaggregated AANHPI subgroups, in a large population-based cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study of all singleton births between 20\u201342 weeks\u2019 gestation in California from 2007 to 2018. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds of cervical insufficiency and, among people with cervical insufficiency, the odds of cerclage and preterm birth according to self-reported race and ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 5,114,470 births, 38,605 (0.8%) had a diagnosis code for cervical insufficiency. Compared with non-Hispanic White people, non-Hispanic Black people had the highest odds of cervical insufficiency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.97, 3.18), for cerclage placement and higher odds for preterm birth. Disaggregating AANHPI subgroups showed that Indian people had the highest odds (aOR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.82, 2.07) of cervical insufficiency and had significantly higher odds of cerclage without increased odds of preterm birth; Southeast Asian people had the highest odds of preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within a large, diverse population-based cohort, non-Hispanic Black people experienced the highest rates of cervical insufficiency, and among those with cervical insufficiency, had among the highest rates of cerclage and preterm birth. Among AANHPI subgroups specifically, Indian people had the highest rates of cervical insufficiency and cerclage placement, without increased rates of preterm birth; Southeast Asian people had the highest rates of preterm birth, without increased rates of cerclage. Disaggregating AANHPI subgroups identifies important differences in obstetric risk factors and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2024.0088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T13:17:26Z","timestamp":1719407846000},"page":"70-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cervical Insufficiency, Cervical Cerclage, and Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0929-8830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayley E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravali A.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaa","family":"Suharwardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre J.","family":"Lyell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Preterm Birth. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/preterm-birth Last accessed [Last accessed: October1 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004479"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000443276.68274.cc","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No.142: Cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency","volume":"123","year":"2014","unstructured":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No.142: Cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency. Obstet Gynecol, 2014; 123(2 Pt 1):372\u2013379.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17457"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31820ca847"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","unstructured":"Thakur M Mahajan K. Cervical Insufficiency. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK525954\/ [Last Accessed [Last accessed: June6 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000930"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq177"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230125"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1249843"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-0633-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-014-0075-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2022.0051"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm044"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2022.1372"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.30.3.513"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2022.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","unstructured":"ACOG Statement on FDA Withdrawal of 17p Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate. Available from: https:\/\/www.acog.org\/news\/news-releases\/2023\/04\/acog-statement-on-the-fda-withdrawal-of-17-ohpc Accessed [Last accessed: April10 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2022.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","unstructured":"The automated vital statistics system: California\u2019s multiple race reporting. Available from: https:\/\/avss.ucsb.edu\/ovr\/race2kb.htm [Last accessed: November10 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.86.6.837"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.152.11.1105"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Minority Health. Available from: https:\/\/minorityhealth.hhs.gov\/Default.aspx Last accessed [Last accessed: October1 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","unstructured":"Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the prevention of preeclampsia and related morbidity and mortality [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.acog.org\/clinical\/clinical-guidance\/practice-advisory\/articles\/2021\/12\/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-preeclampsia-and-related-morbidity-and-mortality [Last accessed: June6 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.08.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2005.00682.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/jwh.2024.0088","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2024.0088","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/jwh.2024.0088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:01:06Z","timestamp":1777658466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/jwh.2024.0088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/jwh.2024.0088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2024.0088","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-9996","1931-843X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-9996","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-843X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]}}}