{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T06:09:34Z","timestamp":1778911774941,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The United States is proposing to ban menthol cigarettes. Our objective is to examine the extent of menthol smoking among pregnant women and its association with their health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nationally representative study of 14,226 pregnant women aged 18\u201344 years using the 2004\u20132022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Multivariate regressions estimate the association between menthol smoking and emergency department (ED) and office visits, poor health, mental health, and smoking cessation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 7.0% of pregnant women smoked menthol cigarettes, 7.3% smoked nonmenthol, 11.0% recently quit, and 74.7% were nonsmoking. Lesbian\/gay\/bisexual women had the highest rates: 18.6% menthol and 11.0% nonmenthol. In the third trimester, 10.4% of Black women smoked menthol and 0.6% smoked nonmenthol (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), whereas 5.4% of White women smoked menthol and 8.6% smoked nonmenthol (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). From 2004 to 2022, maternal smoking decreased from 16.3% to 5.1%. However, the percentage of pregnant smoking women using menthol increased from 47.0% to 60.1%, with the largest increase among Hispanic women from 43.4% to 78.8% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), compared with a rate of 96.1% among Black women and 49.0% for White women. Pregnant women smoking menthol had 1.6 ED annual visits compared with 1.2 ED visits (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) for nonmenthol and 0.6 ED visits (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) among the nonsmoking. Among those smoking menthol, 73.7% reported mental health issues compared with 64.4% for nonmenthol.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women who smoke menthols report worse health compared with those smoking nonmenthol. Policies designed to reduce menthol smoking would improve maternal health, especially for minoritized women and those at higher risk for poor birthing outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2024.0753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T12:29:29Z","timestamp":1736425769000},"page":"460-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Menthol Cigarettes and Maternal Health: 2004\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Encinosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Burciaga","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Proposes Rules Prohibiting Menthol Cigarettes and Flavored Cigars to Prevent Youth Initiation Significantly Reduce Tobacco-Related Disease and Death. April 28 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-proposes-rules-prohibiting-menthol-cigarettes-and-flavored-cigars-prevent-youth-initiation [Last accessed: November14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00413-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","first-page":"ntae011","article-title":"The impact of menthol cigarette bans: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Mills SD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mills SD, , Peddireddy S, , Kurtzman R, et al. The impact of menthol cigarette bans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res, 2024:ntae011.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.3487"},{"issue":"50","key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","article-title":"Percentage of women who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, by race and hispanic origin\u2013national vital statistics system, United States, 2016 and 2022","volume":"72","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Percentage of women who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, by race and hispanic origin\u2013national vital statistics system, United States, 2016 and 2022. QuickStats. MMWR, 2023; 72(50).","journal-title":"QuickStats. MMWR"},{"issue":"458","key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Declines in cigarette smoking during pregnancy in the United States, 2016\u20132021","author":"Martin JA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin JA, , Osterman MJK, , Driscoll AK. Declines in cigarette smoking during pregnancy in the United States, 2016\u20132021. NCHS Data Brief, 2023(458):1\u20138.","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA: Preliminary Scientific Evaluation of the Possible Public Health Effects of Menthol Versus Nonmenthol Cigarettes. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/86497\/download [Last accessed: November14 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa212"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","unstructured":"D\u2019Ardenne K. How Menthol Cigarette Ads Target Black People Women and Teens. Stanford Medical School; October 18 2022. Available from: https:\/\/scopeblog.stanford.edu\/2022\/10\/18\/how-menthol-cigarette-ads-target-black-people-women-and-teens\/ [Last accessed: April22 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","volume-title":"Marketing Menthol: A History of Tobacco Industry Targeting of African Americans","author":"Bach L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bach L. Marketing Menthol: A History of Tobacco Industry Targeting of African Americans. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids: Washington, DC; January 30, 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622203310001649504"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","unstructured":"U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Cigarette Report for 2019. Federal Trade Commission: Washington; 2021 (accessed April 22 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.17134"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","unstructured":"Jackler RK Glantz SA Lempert LK et al. 2023. Scientific Basis for Concluding the Newly Introduced California \u201cNon-Menthol\u201d Cigarettes Have a Characterizing Flavor. Available from: https:\/\/tobaccoimg.stanford.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/03091551\/CoolingAgentsCharactizing_3-1-2023F.pdf [Last accessed: April22 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","unstructured":"Jackler RK. The marketing of newly introduced \u201cNon-Menthol\u201d Cigarettes in California Expressly Communicate to Consumers the Presence of a Characterizing Flavor. SRITA Research Paper; March 1 2023. 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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Office on Smoking and Health: Atlanta; 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","unstructured":"March of Dimes. Fertility Rates by Race\/Ethnicity: United States 2020-2022 Average. 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.marchofdimes.org\/peristats\/data?reg=99&top=2&stop=4&lev=1&slev=1&obj=1 [Last accessed: October8 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","volume-title":"Public Health Groups Alarmed at White House Delay of Menthol Cigarette Ban","author":"Weixel N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weixel N. Public Health Groups Alarmed at White House Delay of Menthol Cigarette Ban. The Hill: Washington, DC. 2023."},{"issue":"125","key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","article-title":"Request for information: Draft HHS 2023 framework to support and accelerate smoking cessation","volume":"88","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2023","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Request for information: Draft HHS 2023 framework to support and accelerate smoking cessation. 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