{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:12:48Z","timestamp":1783012368990,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Women's Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent outbreaks of measles (rubeola) have underscored the importance of immunity and vaccination. By late 2019, measles had a decade of rising cases, culminating in widespread outbreaks. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this event due to disruptions in healthcare services. Unlike rubella, rubeola testing is not routinely performed in the United States. The objective of this study is to evaluate rubella and rubeola immunization status and the potential concordance between rubella and rubeola immunity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study of patients treated at a single reproductive endocrinology clinic between January 1, 2015, and March 31, 2019. Patients were excluded if rubella or rubeola results were missing. Results were classified as immune (positive) or nonimmune (negative or indeterminate). Logistic regression analysis was used to predict immunity status based on factors such as age, body mass index, and race.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 524 cases, 387 (73.9%) patients were immune to both rubella and rubeola while 86 (16.4%) exhibited immunity to rubella only. There was a statistically significant difference in concordance between rubeola and rubella immunity (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0014) with more immune to rubella (90.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 473) compared with rubeola (72.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 415). Nearly two-thirds of patients reported receiving the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 361, 68.9%). Most patients were white\/Caucasian (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 442, 84.45%), obese or morbidly obese (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 247, 47.1%), and &gt;30 years old (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 276, 52.7%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rubella immunization status does not definitively predict rubeola immunity. Given increasing risk of measles outbreaks in the United States, prenatal testing for rubeola could prove beneficial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2024.0975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T03:29:21Z","timestamp":1749612561000},"page":"973-978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["With Increasing Vaccination Reluctance, Does Rubella Immunity Predict Rubeola Immunity Well Enough?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Marohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kortni","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayrettin","family":"Okut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research, The University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Keomany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Grainger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Tatpati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, Kansas."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles cases and outbreaks. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/measles\/data-research\/index.html [Last accessed: September1 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1558\/5\/mmwr.mm7246a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.31.2001390"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000255"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10101595"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Kondamudi NP","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kondamudi NP, , Waymack JR. Measles. [Updated 2023 Aug 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. 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Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/rubella\/hcp.html [Last accessed: April28 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/IDOG\/2006\/13890"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1799-5714"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713817"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30442-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measles, mumps, and rubella\u2013vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome and control of mumps: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"47","author":"Watson JC","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watson JC, , Hadler SC, , Dykewicz CA, et al. Measles, mumps, and rubella\u2013vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome and control of mumps: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep, 1998; 47(RR-8):1\u201357.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Measles, mumps, and rubella\u2014vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome and control of mumps: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP","volume":"47","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles, mumps, and rubella\u2014vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome and control of mumps: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). 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