{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:02:37Z","timestamp":1777921357936,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n The eoSim\n \u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n laparoscopic augmented reality (AR) simulator has instrument tracking capabilities that may be suitable for implementation in laparoscopic training. The objective is to assess face, content, and construct validity of this simulator for basic laparoscopic skills training.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Participants were divided into three groups: novices (no training), intermediates (<50 laparoscopic procedures), and experts (>50 laparoscopic procedures). Three basic tasks were completed on the simulator: thread transfer (1), cyst dissection (2), and tube ligation (3). A questionnaire was completed on realism, didactic value, and usability of the simulator. Measured outcome parameters were as follows: time, distance, time off screen, average speed, acceleration, and smoothness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation scores on realism were positive (Task 1 or T1; 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.13, T2; 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.07, T3; 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07), as well as didactic value (T1; 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.71, T2; 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.31, T3; 4.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.40). Usability was valued the highest, with mean scores between 3.9 and 4.3 (T1;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.71, T2;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.80, T3;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.85). Scores did not differ significantly between groups. Experts were significantly faster (Task 1;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001, Task 2;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.042, Task 3:\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) with higher handling speed for tasks 2 and 3 (Task 1;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.20, task 2;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.034, task 3;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.049). Results for other outcome parameters also indicated experts had better instrument control and efficiency than novices, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The eoSim laparoscopic AR simulator is regarded as a realistic, accessible, and useful tool for the training of basic laparoscopic skills, with good face validity. Construct validity of the eoSim AR simulator was demonstrated on several core variables, but not all.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2019.0070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T14:06:12Z","timestamp":1571148372000},"page":"1419-1426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Face, Content, and Construct Validity of the Take-Home EoSim Augmented Reality Laparoscopy Simulator for Basic Laparoscopic Tasks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Elke E.A.","family":"Arts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Leijte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart P.L.","family":"Witteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack J.","family":"Jakimowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Design, Technical University Delft, Delft, the Netherlands."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bas","family":"Verhoeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanne M.B.I.","family":"Botden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-001-8113-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Meeting Diversity in Ergonomics. 16th World Congress on Ergonomics of the International Ergonomics Association","author":"Buzink SN","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buzink SN, , Goossens RHM, , Jakimowicz JJ. Image-based surgical proficiency: Reflection on human factors In: Meeting Diversity in Ergonomics. 16th World Congress on Ergonomics of the International Ergonomics Association, Maastricht, 2006, pp. 10\u201314."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","first-page":"146","article-title":"Spatial ability and learning the use of an angled laparoscope in a virtual environment","volume":"81","author":"Eyal R","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eyal R, , Tendick F. Spatial ability and learning the use of an angled laparoscope in a virtual environment. Stud Health Technol Inform, 2001; 81:146\u2013152.","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129689-200202000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2004.009878"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"There is a worldwide shortfall of simulation platforms for minimally invasive surgery","volume":"2","author":"Partridge MAH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Partridge MAH, , Brennan PM, , Hennessey IAM. There is a worldwide shortfall of simulation platforms for minimally invasive surgery. J Surg Simul, 2015; 2:12\u201317.","journal-title":"J Surg Simul"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.03.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","unstructured":"Botden SMBI. Augmented reality simulation for laparoscopic training. Realistic haptic feedback & meaningful assessment. Technische Universiteit Delft Delft 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4816"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e318217e119"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2066-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-0066-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2012.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Face validity study of the ProMIS augmented reality laparoscopic suturing simulator","volume":"17","author":"Botden SM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Botden SM, , Berlage JT, , Schijven MP, , Jakimowicz JJ. Face validity study of the ProMIS augmented reality laparoscopic suturing simulator. Surg Technol Int, 2008; 17:26\u201332.","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0b013e3181659e91"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"Current state of training and evaluation of laparoscopic surgical skills","volume":"3","author":"Ganni S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ganni S, , Botden SMBI, , Hamilton BF, , Bedi AS, , Lomanto D, , Rao B, et al. Current state of training and evaluation of laparoscopic surgical skills. J Surg Open Access, 2017; 3:133\u2013141.","journal-title":"J Surg Open Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0634-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0384-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02394.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","unstructured":"EoSim models. www.eosurgical.com\/collections\/simulators-individual (accessed January23 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-005-0545-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-004-9269-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9937-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-4953-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2013.0229"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2015.0069"}],"container-title":["Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/lap.2019.0070","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lap.2019.0070","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lap.2019.0070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:52:32Z","timestamp":1777665152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/lap.2019.0070"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/lap.2019.0070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lap.2019.0070","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-6429","1557-9034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-6429","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]}}}