{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:05:01Z","timestamp":1782385501112,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Laparoendoscopic &amp; Advanced Surgical Techniques"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryoanalgesia has been applied to minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE). After implementation of cryoanalgesia at our institution, we had several cases of delayed postoperative pneumothorax. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the complications and efficacy of cryoanalgesia in MIRPE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a single institution retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing MIRPE from June 2017 to July 2018. Multimodal (MM) analgesia was used in all patients. In addition, most patients received either cryoanalgesia or elastomeric pain pumps (EPPs) as adjuncts to postoperative analgesia. Primary outcome was clinically significant late pneumothorax. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, pain scores, opiate use, and bar displacement requiring reoperation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 101 patients undergoing MIRPE were included: 45 had cryoanalgesia + MM, 45 EPP + MM, and 11 MM alone. Postoperative tube thoracostomy was placed in 5 patients with cryoanalgesia (4 pneumothorax; 1 effusion), 1 patient with EPP (1 pneumothorax), and none in MM alone (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.25). Pain scores at discharge were similar in all groups. Cryoanalgesia patients received less overall inpatient opioids than other groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). No patient required reoperation for bar displacement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryoanalgesia is an effective therapy for pain control in MIRPE. Because thermal injury can occur on the lung and chest wall with cryoanalgesia, we implemented techniques to limit and prevent this injury. Cryoanalgesia offers a safe alternative for postoperative analgesia with significant reduction in inpatient opioid requirement. Larger prospective studies are required to assess the long-term impact and complications of cryoanalgesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2019.0203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T11:35:36Z","timestamp":1561980936000},"page":"1244-1251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The Use of Cryoanalgesia in Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum: Lessons Learned"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Raphael","family":"Parrado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa E.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conner","family":"Clay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona College of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Notrica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Ostlie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-O","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, 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