{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T14:00:34Z","timestamp":1785592834417,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Laparoendoscopic &amp; Advanced Surgical Techniques"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosing pediatric appendicitis by ultrasonography (US) is difficult because US requires significant training and skill. We evaluated whether artificial intelligence (AI) can augment US.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 70 abdominal ultrasound videos containing 85\u2013347 images each, 50 were used to train the AI neural network. Each video was categorized based on the detection percentage and percent accuracy: most (&gt;50%), partial (10\u201350%), and none (&lt;10%). Test 1 involved verification of appendix detection by AI using the remaining 20 videos. Test 2 involved the evaluation of the effect of AI utilization on pediatricians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 50 videos, 6914 images were used to train the AI network. In test 1, 3 pediatric surgeons judged 10 (50.0%), 4 (20.0%), and 6 (30.0%) videos as \u201cmost,\u201d \u201cpartial,\u201d and \u201cnone,\u201d respectively, regarding the detection percentage; 7 (35.0%), 7 (35.0%), and 6 (30.0%) videos were judged, respectively, concerning the percent accuracy. Five (83.3%) of six test videos with a scan area depth of 8\u2009cm were judged as \u201cnone\u201d for both detection and accuracy. In test 2, six videos were also judged as \u201cnone\u201d for both categories, showing a negative effect on the participants (5 pediatric residents and 5 pediatric intensive-emergency fellows), but the other categories showed little negative effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Appendicitis in a shallow US scan area can be easily identified with AI support. Even with the detection of a partial appendicitis shadow, AI is still helpful. However, if AI does not detect appendicitis at all, examiners may be negatively affected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2021.0318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T12:11:03Z","timestamp":1636373463000},"page":"1412-1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Identification of Appendicitis Using Ultrasound with the Aid of Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8360-7630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2908-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Ishimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaesung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morpho, Inc., Tokyo, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morpho, Inc., Tokyo, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Ooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morpho, Inc., Tokyo, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Hosokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanako","family":"Omata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youhei","family":"Sanmoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomo","family":"Kakihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan."},{"name":"Presentation: A summary of this study was presented at the IPEG conference 2021."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2019.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2358-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"Ronneberger O Fischer P Brox T . 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