{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:07:53Z","timestamp":1790863673326,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LGBT Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men and transgender women who have sex with men (MTWSM) continue to be an at-risk population for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in India. Identification of risk factors and determinants of HIV infection is urgently needed to inform prevention and intervention programming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from cross-sectional biological and behavioral surveys from four districts in Karnataka, India. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine factors related to HIV infection. Sociodemographic, sexual history, sex work history, condom practices, and substance use covariates were included in regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 456 participants were included; HIV prevalence was 12.4%, with the highest prevalence (26%) among MTWSM from Bellary District. In bivariate analyses, district (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), lack of a current regular female partner (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022), and reported consumption of an alcoholic drink in the last month (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) were associated with HIV infection. In multivariable models, only alcohol use remained statistically significant (adjusted odds ratios: 2.6, 95% confidence intervals: 1.2\u20135.8;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of HIV continues to be high among MTWSM, with the highest prevalence found in Bellary district.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2015.0023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T13:37:16Z","timestamp":1460122636000},"page":"292-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Descriptive Epidemiology of Factors Associated with HIV Infections Among Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men in South India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Souradet Y.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Lorway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parinita","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karnataka Health Promotion Trust","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushena","family":"Reza-Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsab\u00e9","family":"du Plessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyle","family":"McKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"University of Nairobi","place":["Kenya"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura H.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shajy","family":"Isac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karnataka Health Promotion Trust","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banadakoppa M.","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karnataka Health Promotion Trust","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reynold","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karnataka Health Promotion Trust","place":["India"]},{"name":"St. John's Research Institute","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manitoba","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moses S Blanchard JF Kang H et al.: AIDS in South Asia: Understanding and Responding to a Heterogeneous Epidemic. 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