{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T04:48:20Z","timestamp":1790484500526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LGBT Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined internalized transnegativity and psychological distress in two age groups of transgender individuals who identified their gender identity on the feminine spectrum (rather than congruent with their male sex assigned at birth). Due to greater visibility and acceptance of gender diversity in the United States, we hypothesized that internalized transnegativity would be lower in the younger compared with the older group, and that the younger generation would, therefore, report lower levels of psychological distress than the older generation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study sample consisted of trans-feminine individuals (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009440) who completed a online survey of the U.S. transgender population and comprised a younger group aged 18\u201324 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009133) and an older group aged 40 years and older (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009307). Internalized transnegativity was assessed using the Transgender Identity Survey, and psychological distress was assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory 18. We used regression and mediation analysis to examine differences between the two groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contrary to our expectations, the older group reported significantly lower levels of both internalized transnegativity and psychological distress compared with the younger group. Internalized transnegativity partially mediated the relationship between age group and psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite greater visibility of transgender people and increasing acceptance of gender diversity in the United States, the younger trans-feminine individuals reported more psychological distress than the older transfeminine individuals, which was, in part, related to internalized transnegativity. Trans-feminine individuals may benefit from culturally sensitive and clinically competent mental health services to alleviate internalized transnegativity and psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2017.0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]],"date-time":"2017-11-03T09:57:19Z","timestamp":1509703039000},"page":"54-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Generational Differences in Internalized Transnegativity and Psychological Distress Among Feminine Spectrum Transgender People"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kasey B.","family":"Jackman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Dolezal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute\/Columbia University Department of Psychiatry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter O.","family":"Bockting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"},{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute\/Columbia University Department of Psychiatry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303648"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0300-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12817"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2015.1073143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13236"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301241"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029597"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"Bockting WO: Transgender identity sexuality and coming out: Implications for HIV risk and prevention. Proceedings of the NIDA-sponsored satellite sessions in association with the XIV International AIDS Conference Barcelona Spain July 7\u201311 2002 pp 163\u2013172. Bethesda MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","volume-title":"XVIII Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Symposium","author":"Robinson B","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robinson B, Berg D, , Bockting W, et al.: Internalized transphobia as a health hazard: Development of the Transgender Identity Scale. 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