{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:25:14Z","timestamp":1788740714976,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LGBT Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of and relationships among disordered eating, food insecurity, and weight status among transgender and gender nonbinary youth and young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study involved a screening protocol to assess disordered eating and food insecurity risk from September to December of 2019 at a gender clinic using five validated measures: (1) previous eating disorder diagnosis (yes\/no); (2) Sick, Control, One Stone, Fat, Food Questionnaire (SCOFF); (3) Adolescent Binge Eating Disorder Questionnaire (ADO-BED); (4) Nine-Item Avoidant\/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen (NIAS); and (5) Hunger Vital Sign. Age, assigned sex at birth, gender identity, stage of medical transition, and body mass index were collected. Pearson's\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      correlation coefficients, between-groups\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests, one-way analysis of variance tests, and Tukey's honest significant difference test were used to characterize the relationships between variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 164 participants ages 12\u201323 years completed the screener. Using assigned sex at birth, 1.8% were underweight, 53% were a healthy weight, 17.1% were overweight, and 28.0% were obese. An estimated 8.7% reported a previous eating disorder diagnosis, 28.0% screened positive on the SCOFF, 9.1% on the ADO-BED, 75.0% on the NIAS, and 21.2% on the Hunger Vital Sign. Transgender males scored higher on the NIAS than transgender females (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). Those with a previous eating disorder diagnosis scored significantly higher on the Hunger Vital Sign (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender clinics should routinely screen for disordered eating, food insecurity, overweight, and obesity to identify patients in need of further evaluation and referral.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2020.0308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T12:11:11Z","timestamp":1623067871000},"page":"359-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Disordered Eating, Food Insecurity, and Weight Status Among Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Youth and Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Using a Nutrition Screening Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5939-250X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Whitney R.","family":"Linsenmeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie L.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transgender Center at St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Giedinghagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transgender Center at St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transgender Center at St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Garwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transgender Center at St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3845"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1097-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22868"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2016.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23226"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22627"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2019.0354"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00590-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.168427"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22735"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","article-title":"Household food insecurity is associated with binge-eating disorder and obesity","author":"Rasmusson G","unstructured":"Rasmusson G, , Lydecker JA, , Coffino JA, et al.: Household food insecurity is associated with binge-eating disorder and obesity. 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