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Participants were asked to disclose use of each substance in the preceding 12 months. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Severity of Dependence Scale were used to assess dependence. Multivariable logistic regression generated odds ratios (ORs) to measure the association between gender and each substance use\/dependence outcome, with cisgender women as the reference group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample comprised 43,331 cisgender women, 81,607 cisgender men, 215 transgender women, 254 transgender men, and 1241 people with nonbinary\/other identities. Relative to cisgender women, nonbinary\/other participants reported greater odds of last 12-month use of all substances (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]\u2009=\u20091.66\u20132.30), except alcohol (lower odds; AOR\u2009=\u20090.42), and greater odds of dependence on cannabis (AOR\u2009=\u20092.39), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (AOR\u2009=\u20091.64) and alcohol (AOR\u2009=\u20093.28), adjusting only for age (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transgender 2018 GDS respondents, particularly those with nonbinary\/other identities, had greater odds of reporting most substance use outcomes than cisgender women. These findings suggest that a nuanced approach to gender reporting in surveys and treatment centers is required to understand the needs of transgender people who use substances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2021.0242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T15:48:41Z","timestamp":1658764121000},"page":"534-542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Differences in Alcohol and Other Drug Use and Dependence Between Transgender and Cisgender Participants from the 2018 Global Drug Survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3139-4263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean J.","family":"Connolly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Early Intervention Service, Newham Centre for Mental Health, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3577-3276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lynskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa J.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."},{"name":"Early Postdoc Mobility Grantee (P2ZHP1_174812), Swiss National Science Foundation, Bern, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica J.","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Global Studies Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia."},{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Winstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Global Drug Survey, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5616-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gail","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"Lev AI. 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