{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:05:03Z","timestamp":1792497903088,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LGBT Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) exposure, perceived discrimination, and anxiety and depressive symptoms in sexual and gender minoritized (SGM) adults in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Respondents (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4445) from a national Qualtrics research panel completed a web-based survey. Guided by the stress proliferation (mediation model) and stress sensitization (moderation model) models, we examined the relationships between ACEs and perceived discrimination and the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adulthood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cumulative ACEs exposure was positively associated with everyday discrimination scale (EDS) scores. ACEs and EDS scores had a significant direct association with anxiety and depressive symptoms. We found support for EDS as a mediator for anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.12,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and depressive symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.14,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and for ACEs as a moderator of the relationship between EDS and anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.04,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004) and depressive (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.05,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that both stress proliferation and stress sensitization likely contribute to disparities in anxiety and depressive symptoms in SGM adults. This finding supports the integration of social safety and minority stress perspectives regarding health disparities in SGM populations. Exposure to early life adversity likely alters neurodevelopment, which in turn increases awareness of the lack of social safety in adulthood, reduces capacity to cope with minority stress exposure, and ultimately contributes to increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. Prevention efforts should focus on building positive and compensatory childhood experiences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2023.0296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T12:15:47Z","timestamp":1727957747000},"page":"286-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adverse Childhood Experiences, Perceived Discrimination, and Mental Health in Sexual and Gender Minoritized Adults: Comparing Stress Accumulation and Stress Sensitization Models"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9487-7676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip W.","family":"Schnarrs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Texas Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin A.","family":"Dorri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6238-0606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9416-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Grigsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Health, The University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Charak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayden","family":"Dawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Andrew","family":"Yockey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Community Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua G.","family":"Rosenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0391-1772.18.01995-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054691"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09411-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105570"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0955-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305637"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118410868.wbehibs108"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3090"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105687"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"348","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health","author":"Stroud CB","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stroud CB. The stress sensitization model. In: The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health. (Harkness K, , Hayden E. eds.) Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK; 2020; pp. 348\u2013370."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23062"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101579"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13222"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216497"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2019.1675222"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104720"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926187.2020.1813656"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115257"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.16.5.p472"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jlme.12200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ\u20134","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kroenke K, , Spitzer RL, , Williams JBW, et al. An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: The PHQ\u20134. Psychosomatics, 2009; 50(6):613\u2013621; doi: 10.1016\/S0033-3182(09)70864-3","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.06.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","volume-title":"MPlus User\u2019s Guide","author":"Muthen LK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muthen LK, , Muthen BO. MPlus User\u2019s Guide. Muthen & Muthen: Los Angeles, CA; 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.152546"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164401615001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816065-7.00013-6"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","first-page":"761","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences predict common neurodevelopmental and behavioral health conditions among US children","volume":"8","author":"Zarei K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zarei K, , Xu G, , Zimmerman B, et al. Adverse childhood experiences predict common neurodevelopmental and behavioral health conditions among US children. Children (Basel), 2021; 8(9):761; doi: 10.3390\/children8090761","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000965"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722002823"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42844-021-00036-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000193"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01297-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-018-0217-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315609569"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104089"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202100045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1017-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202000575"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104331"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113321"}],"container-title":["LGBT Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/lgbt.2023.0296","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lgbt.2023.0296","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lgbt.2023.0296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:06:27Z","timestamp":1777665987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/lgbt.2023.0296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/lgbt.2023.0296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lgbt.2023.0296","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-8292","2325-8306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-8292","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-8306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]}}}