{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:12:23Z","timestamp":1777921943051,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LGBT Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Binding, packing, using stand-to-pee (STP) devices, and tucking are nonhormonal, nonsurgical gender-affirming body modifications (GABMs) that are used to affirm gender expression. This study sought to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of and side effects experienced by those using GABMs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study of The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality Study participants who completed the 2023 Annual Questionnaire. Data on sociodemographics and self-reported side effects were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 6296 participants, 1694 reported GABMs including binding (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 995), packing (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 590), using an STP device (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 351), and tucking (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 265). Each GABM had a distinct side effect profile. Pain (2.0%\u201348.2% past-year prevalence) and dermatologic concerns (0.5%\u201323.2% past-year prevalence) were reported across GABMs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While GABMs promote mental health and patient safety, they carry a risk of adverse physical health effects. Providers play a vital role in managing GABM-associated side effects to ensure patients can continue to affirm their gender identities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2024.0319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T12:37:37Z","timestamp":1748435857000},"page":"551-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Side Effect Profiles of Nonhormonal, Nonsurgical Gender-Affirming Body Modifications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7552-5387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben L.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The PRIDE Study\/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen K.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PRIDE Study\/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunlevie Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Peitzmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6541-3787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonia C.","family":"Poteat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare in Adult Populations, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8882-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micah E.","family":"Lubensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PRIDE Study\/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1964-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annesa","family":"Flentje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PRIDE Study\/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."},{"name":"Alliance Health Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0945-2842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juno","family":"Obedin-Maliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PRIDE Study\/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0068-0814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell R.","family":"Lunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The PRIDE Study\/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"Jones JM. LGBTQ+ identification in U.S. rises to 9.3%. Gallup Inc.: Washington DC; 2025. Available from: https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/656708\/lgbtq-identification-rises.aspx [Last accessed: March13 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","unstructured":"Dowd R. 1.2 million LGBTQ adults in the US identify as nonbinary. The Williams Institute at UCLA School of Law: Los Angeles CA; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu\/press\/lgbtq-nonbinary-press-release [Last accessed: September14 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2021.1915223"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2100644"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000171"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2019.0046"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261039"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2016.1191675"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2018.0017"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2022.0064"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz082"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54656\/jces.v16i2.484"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab392"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35680\/2372-0247.1491"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","unstructured":"Ard KL Makadon HJ. Improving the health care of lesbian gay bisexual and transgender people: Understanding and eliminating health disparities. The Fenway Institute: Boston MA; 2012. Available from: https:\/\/www.lgbtqiahealtheducation.org\/publication\/improving-the-health-care-of-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-lgbt-people-understanding-and-eliminating-health-disparities\/ [Last accessed: September14 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","unstructured":"Human Rights Campaign Foundation. Map: Attacks on gender affirming care by state. Human Rights Campaign Foundation: Washington DC; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.hrc.org\/resources\/attacks-on-gender-affirming-care-by-state-map [Last accessed: September14 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","unstructured":"Trans Care BC Provincial Health Services Authority. Binding packing tucking & padding. Trans Care BC Provincial Health Services Authority: Vancouver British Columbia; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.transcarebc.ca\/explore-transition\/binding-packing-tucking-padding [Last accessed: September14 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0149"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.2551"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00665-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0343-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.09.029"}],"container-title":["LGBT Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/lgbt.2024.0319","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lgbt.2024.0319","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lgbt.2024.0319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:06:51Z","timestamp":1777666011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/lgbt.2024.0319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/lgbt.2024.0319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lgbt.2024.0319","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-8292","2325-8306"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-8292","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-8306","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}}}