{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:48:38Z","timestamp":1785343718054,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lymphedema is a chronic disease of increasing importance to cancer survivors. A tape measurement tool used for lymphedema relies on indirect volume calculations based on external circumference, which may not reflect the true extent of abnormal fluid accumulation accurately. Fluid-sensitive MRI sequences may be able to delineate the severity of this condition more precisely and thus also monitor response to therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight patients being followed by physical therapy for clinically diagnosed breast cancer-related lymphedema were recruited to participate in this study. External measurements and upper extremity MRI were performed on all subjects. Arm circumference, arm volume, and lymphedema volumes were calculated for each method. MR imaging detected lymphedema in all study subjects. Correlation was found between external circumferential measurements and with the 3.0T MRI (r=0.9368). There was poor correlation between lymphedema volumes calculated from clinical measurements and MR imaging (r=0.5539).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>External measurements were not found to be an accurate measure of lymphedema volume associated with breast cancer lymphedema. MRI is a reliable means to obtain upper extremity circumferential and volume measurements. MRI is able to evaluate morphologic change associated with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Lymphedema research requires integrated use of tools to further describe the disease process over time, quantitate the distribution of tissue changes, and improve the sensitivity and specificity of the measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2013.0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]],"date-time":"2014-03-21T10:29:26Z","timestamp":1395397766000},"page":"95-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Quantitative and Morphologic Change Associated with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema. Comparison of 3.0T MRI to External Measures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fletcher-Allen Healthcare"},{"name":"University of Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Nickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fletcher-Allen Healthcare"},{"name":"University of Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fletcher-Allen Healthcare"},{"name":"University of Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim L.","family":"Dittus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fletcher-Allen Healthcare"},{"name":"University of Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia J.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fletcher-Allen Healthcare"},{"name":"University of Vermont"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975\u20132008 [http:\/\/Seer.cancer.gov\/csr\/1975_2008]. Last accessed 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-011-0283-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Lymphedema","author":"Petrek J","year":"1999","unstructured":"Petrek J. Lymphedema. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1999."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"O'Brien P. Lymphedema. Principles and Practice of Supportive Oncology Updates. 1999; 2:3\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"2009 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology","volume":"42","author":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema","year":"2009","unstructured":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema. 2009 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology, 2009; 42:51\u201360.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00727-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Lymphostatic Diseases","author":"Foldi E","year":"2003","unstructured":"Foldi E. Lymphostatic Diseases. San Francisco: Urban & Fisher; 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010915)92:6<1368::AID-CNCR1459>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-009-0452-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-010-0156-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030089169608200405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejso.2002.1403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4741.2002.08603.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)00008-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X10364553"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CNV-48707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"242","article-title":"Lymphedema: Separating fact from fiction","volume":"26","author":"McLaughlin SA","year":"2012","unstructured":"McLaughlin SA. Lymphedema: Separating fact from fiction. Oncology (Williston Park), 2012; 26:242\u2013249.","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Validation of an optoelectronic limb volumeter (Perometer)","volume":"30","author":"Stanton AW","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stanton AW, , Northfield JW, , Holroyd B, , Mortimer PS, , Levick JR. Validation of an optoelectronic limb volumeter (Perometer). Lymphology, 1997; 30:77\u201397.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07357900902918494"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Early diagnosis of lymphedema using multiple frequency bioimpedance","volume":"34","author":"Cornish BH","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cornish BH, , Chapman M, , Hirst C, , Mirolo B, , Bunce IH, , Ward LC, , Thomas BJ. Early diagnosis of lymphedema using multiple frequency bioimpedance. Lymphology, 2001; 34:2\u201311.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"328","article-title":"A morphological assessment of macrophages attaching to subcutaneously implanted coverslips in dogs with chronic lymphoedema","volume":"60","author":"Piller NB","year":"1979","unstructured":"Piller NB, , Clodius L. A morphological assessment of macrophages attaching to subcutaneously implanted coverslips in dogs with chronic lymphoedema. Br J Exp Pathol, 1979; 60:328\u2013334.","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1075-122X.2004.21458.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2005.3.147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"411","article-title":"MRI and ultrasonographic findings in the investigation of lymphedema and lipedema","volume":"82","author":"Dimakakos PB","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dimakakos PB, , Stefanopoulos T, , Antoniades P, , Antoniou A, , Gouliamos A, , Rizos D. MRI and ultrasonographic findings in the investigation of lymphedema and lipedema. Int Surg, 1997; 82:411\u2013416.","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1461-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.12.1201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.2.205"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2008.04686.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2008.1025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000143271.32568.2b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2111-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.2.96"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b5396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-005-9021-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(03)00038-9"}],"container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/lrb.2013.0026","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lrb.2013.0026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lrb.2013.0026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:09:22Z","timestamp":1777666162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/lrb.2013.0026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/lrb.2013.0026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lrb.2013.0026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-6851","1557-8585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1539-6851","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,21]]}}}