{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:14:04Z","timestamp":1777922044460,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lymph is pumped through the collecting lymphatic vessels by both intrinsic and extrinsic forces, propelling it downstream back into circulation. The intrinsic lymph pump relies on the spontaneous contraction of lymphatic muscles to generate the force of pumping lymph (P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). However, the association between leg edema and reduced leg P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the general population is unknown. Therefore, this study determined the association of leg P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      and edema complaints and quality of life in healthy participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 465 healthy volunteers (78 men and 387 women, age 30\u201385 years) filled out a questionnaire and medical history to rule out severe systemic diseases and local venous\/lymphatic diseases. Quality of life was assessed using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF36). Leg P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      was measured using minimally invasive indocyanine green fluorescence lymphography and an occlusion cuff technique while sitting. All participants were divided into three groups according to the P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      values, as follows: Participants with P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      &gt;40\u2009mmHg in both legs, 20\u2009mmHg\u201340\u2009mmHg in either leg; and &lt;20\u2009mmHg in both legs were divided into the good (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =100), moderate (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =314), and poor (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =51) P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      groups, respectively. The survey revealed the poor leg P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      group was associated with more frequently complaints of leg edema, as well as lower quality of life than the moderate and good P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Reduced leg P\n                      <jats:sub>lp<\/jats:sub>\n                      is significantly associated with leg edema complaints and lower quality of life in the general population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2014.0015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T14:35:27Z","timestamp":1434724527000},"page":"154-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Low Lymphatic Pumping Pressure in the Legs Is Associated with Leg Edema and Lower Quality of Life in Healthy Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Unno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Inuzuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Sugisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuto","family":"Katahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamamatsu University School of Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1413.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2009.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijosm.2011.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2012.0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"165","article-title":"Natural history of lymph pumping pressure after pelvic lymphadenectomy","volume":"45","author":"Okitsu T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okitsu T, , Tsuji T, , Fujii T, , Mihara M, , Hara H, , Kisu I, , Aoki D, , Miyata C, , Otaka Y, , Liu M. Natural history of lymph pumping pressure after pelvic lymphadenectomy. Lymphology, 2012; 45:165\u2013176.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Influence of age and gender on human lymphatic pumping pressure in the leg","volume":"44","author":"Unno N","year":"2011","unstructured":"Unno N, , Tanaka H, , Suzuki M, , Yamamoto N, , Mano Y, , Sano M, , Saito T, , Konno H. Influence of age and gender on human lymphatic pumping pressure in the leg. Lymphology, 2011; 44:113\u2013120.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2008.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198807000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6901.449"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.19.2.148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcg126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"The third circulation: Radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of lymphedema","volume":"44","author":"Szuba A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Szuba A, , Shin WS, , Strauss HW, , Rockson S. The third circulation: Radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of lymphedema. 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