{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T07:21:49Z","timestamp":1781767309177,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are very little scientific data on occlusion pressure for superficial lymphatic collectors. Given its importance in determining the transport capacity of lymphatic vessels, it is crucial to know its value. The novel method of near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging (NIRFLI) can be used to visualize lymphatic flow in real time. The goal of this study was to see if this method could be used to measure the lymphatic occlusion pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed and recorded lymph flow in the upper limb of healthy volunteers through a transparent cuff using near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging. After obtaining a baseline of the lymph flow without pressure inside the cuff, the cuff was inflated by increments of 10\u2009mm Hg starting at 30\u2009mm Hg. A NIRFLI guided manual lymphatic drainage technique named \u201cFill &amp; Flush Drainage Method\u201d was performed during the measurement to promote lymph flow. Lymphatic occlusion pressure was determined by observing when lymph flow stopped under the cuff.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We measured the lymphatic occlusion pressure on 30 healthy volunteers (11 men and 19 women). Mean lymphatic occlusion pressure in the upper limb was 86\u2009mm Hg (CI \u00b13.7\u2009mm Hg, \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.5%). No significant differences were found between age groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.18), gender (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12), or limb side (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.85).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NIRFLI, a transparent sphygmomanometer cuff and the \u201cFill and Flush\u201d manual lymphatic drainage method were used to measure the lymphatic occlusion pressure in 30 healthy humans. That combination of these techniques allows the visualization of the lymph flow in real time, while ensuring the continuous filling of the lymph collectors during the measurement session, reducing false negative observations. The measured occlusion pressures are much higher than previously described in the medical literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2015.0040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T16:13:28Z","timestamp":1462983208000},"page":"70-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Near-Infrared Fluorescence Lymphatic Imaging to Reconsider Occlusion Pressure of Superficial Lymphatic Collectors in Upper Extremities of Healthy Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Belgrado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Vandermeeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Vankerckhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Valsamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Malloizel-Delaunay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU St. Pierre","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Moraine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Liebens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Breast Clinic","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer515"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2003.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.130401"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"H775","article-title":"Intrinsic contractility of prenodal lymph vessels and lymph flow in human leg","volume":"239","author":"Olszewski WL","year":"1980","unstructured":"Olszewski WL, , Engeset A. Intrinsic contractility of prenodal lymph vessels and lymph flow in human leg. Am J Physiol, 1980; 239:H775\u2013783.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.260042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"1390","article-title":"Anatomy of the superficial lymphatics of the abdominal wall and the upper thigh and its implications in lymphatic microsurgery","volume":"66","author":"Tourani SS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tourani SS, , Taylor GI, , Ashton MW. Anatomy of the superficial lymphatics of the abdominal wall and the upper thigh and its implications in lymphatic microsurgery. JPRAS, 2013; 66:1390\u20131395.","journal-title":"JPRAS"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.208298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.115212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1413.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000342437"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Fluid pressures in the rabbit popliteal afferent lymphatics during passive tissue motion","volume":"30","author":"Ikomi E","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ikomi E, , Zweifach BW, , Schmid-Schonbein GW. Fluid pressures in the rabbit popliteal afferent lymphatics during passive tissue motion. Lymphology, 1997; 30:13\u201323.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197902083000613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"The recovery of terminal lymph flow following occlusion","volume":"109","author":"Miller GE","year":"1987","unstructured":"Miller GE, , Seale JL. The recovery of terminal lymph flow following occlusion. J Biomechan Engineer, 1987; 109:7.","journal-title":"J Biomechan Engineer"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2009.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Are peripheral lymphatics damaged by high pressure manual massage?","volume":"28","author":"Eliska O","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eliska O, , Eliskova M. Are peripheral lymphatics damaged by high pressure manual massage?. Lymphology, 1995; 28:21\u201330.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981215)83:12B <2843::AID-CNCR38>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema. 2009 Concensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology","volume":"42","author":"Lymphology ISo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lymphology ISo. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema. 2009 Concensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology, 2009; 42:51\u201360.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"Lymphoedema Framework. Best Practice for the Management of Lymphoedema. International Consensus","author":"ILF","year":"2006","unstructured":"ILF. Lymphoedema Framework. Best Practice for the Management of Lymphoedema. International Consensus. London: MEP Ltd, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Intermittent pneumatic compression in the treatment of lymphedema: Current state of knowledge","volume":"17","author":"Belgrado J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Belgrado J, , Bourgeois P, , R\u00f6h N, , Moraine J. Intermittent pneumatic compression in the treatment of lymphedema: Current state of knowledge. Eur J Lymphology Relat Prob, 2007; 17:4\u201310.","journal-title":"Eur J Lymphology Relat Prob"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"30 or 90\u2009mm Hg\u2014manual or pneumatic\u2014drainage in primary limb lymphedema: A comparative plethysmographic study","author":"Theys S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Theys S, , Deltombe T, , Jamart J, , Schoevaerdts J, , Buche M. 30 or 90\u2009mm Hg\u2014manual or pneumatic\u2014drainage in primary limb lymphedema: A comparative plethysmographic study. Eur J Lymphol Relat Prob, 2004; 12.","journal-title":"Eur J Lymphol Relat Prob"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2013.0016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Surgical prevention and treatment of lymphedema after lymph node dissection in patients with cutaneous melanoma","volume":"46","author":"Boccardo F","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boccardo F, , De Cian F, , Campisi CC, et al. Surgical prevention and treatment of lymphedema after lymph node dissection in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Lymphology, 2013; 46:20\u201326.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"78","article-title":"Effect of lateralization and handedness on the function of the lymphatic system of the upper limbs","volume":"43","author":"Bourgeois P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bourgeois P, , Leduc O, , Belgrado J, , Leduc A. Effect of lateralization and handedness on the function of the lymphatic system of the upper limbs. Lymphology, 2010; 43:78\u201384.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-0271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1593\/tlo.10190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2011.0003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810170410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.000800"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Intrinsic contractility of leg lymphatics in man. Preliminary communication","volume":"12","author":"Olszewski WL","year":"1979","unstructured":"Olszewski WL, , Engeset A. Intrinsic contractility of leg lymphatics in man. Preliminary communication. Lymphology, 1979; 12:81\u201384.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4199\/C00006ED1V01Y201002ISP003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","volume-title":"Textbook of Lymphology for Physicians and Lymphedema Therapists","author":"F\u00f6ldi M","year":"2003","unstructured":"F\u00f6ldi M, , F\u00f6ldi E, , Kubik S, eds. Textbook of Lymphology for Physicians and Lymphedema Therapists: Urban & Fischer; 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-003-1399-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0b013e32831bec4d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.12474"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.10.1000"}],"container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/lrb.2015.0040","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lrb.2015.0040","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lrb.2015.0040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1779190487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/lrb.2015.0040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/lrb.2015.0040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lrb.2015.0040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-6851","1557-8585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1539-6851","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]]}}}