{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T12:07:22Z","timestamp":1779192442201,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It has previously been shown that the lymph drainage rate in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">both<\/jats:italic>\n                      upper limbs is greater in women destined to develop breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) than in those who do not develop BCRL, indicating a constitutive predisposition. We explored constitutive differences further by measuring the maximum lymphatic pump pressure (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>pump<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and the rate of\n                      <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n                      Tc-Nanocoll transport generated by the contractile upper limb lymphatics before and after breast cancer surgery in a group of women who were followed for 2 years to determine their eventual BCRL or non-BCRL status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>pump<\/jats:sub>\n                      and tracer transport rate were measured by lymphatic congestion lymphoscintigraphy in the ipsilateral upper limb in 26 women pre- and post-breast cancer surgery. BCRL occurred in 10\/26 (38.5%) cases.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>pump<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the women who later developed BCRL (40.0\u2009\u00b1\u20098.2\u2009mmHg) was 1.7-fold higher than in those who did not develop BCRL (23.1\u2009\u00b1\u200910.8\u2009mmHg,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). Moreover, the rate of lymph tracer transport into the forearm was 2.2-fold greater in the women who later developed BCRL (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.052). Surgery did not significantly reduce\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>pump<\/jats:sub>\n                      measured 21 weeks postsurgery, but impaired forearm tracer transport in pre-BCRL women by 58% (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047), although not in those who did not develop BCRL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women destined to develop BCRL have higher pumping pressures and lymph transport, indicating harder-working lymphatics before cancer treatment. Axillary lymphatic damage from surgery appears to compromise lymph drainage in those women constitutively predisposed to higher lymphatic pressures and lymph transport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2016.0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]],"date-time":"2016-06-16T19:41:00Z","timestamp":1466106060000},"page":"50-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Constitutively Enhanced Lymphatic Pumping in the Upper Limbs of Women Who Later Develop Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Viviana","family":"Cintolesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St George's, University of London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony W.B.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George's, University of London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salena K.","family":"Bains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guy's Hospital","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Cousins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George's, University of London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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