{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T21:12:28Z","timestamp":1788297148629,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We previously invented a new technique to measure the cross-sectional area of soft tissue of a limb (\u0394CSA) with lymphedema using ultrasonography. The measurement correlated strongly with both circumference and volumetry in normal subjects. The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability and accuracy of the method in patients with lymphedema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ultrasonography was performed on both arms of 69 female patients diagnosed with stage \u22651 lymphedema related to advanced breast cancer. At 10\u2009cm above elbow (AE) and below elbow (BE), soft-tissue thicknesses at various locations were measured by two examiners. Subcutaneous tissue stiffness was also obtained by measuring thickness differences of soft tissue when applying minimal and maximal pressure to the skin (compliance) and its ratio to the initial thickness (compliance ratio). \u0394CSA showed a strong positive correlation with circumference (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.758 to 0.951), and a moderate negative correlation with Z at 5\u2009Hz (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.326 to \u22120.486). Intra- and interclass coefficients of all ultrasonography measurements were moderate to excellent (0.623\u20130.990). Compliance measured at 10\u2009cm BE on the lesion side was significantly higher than on the normal side (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and compliance measured at 10\u2009cm AE showed no difference between the two sides (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.653). Conversely, compliance ratios measured at 10\u2009cm AE and BE on the lesion side were significantly lower than on the normal side (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thus, \u0394CSA using ultrasonography could be a particularly viable option for determining status in lymphedema patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2019.0070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T11:45:56Z","timestamp":1609933556000},"page":"340-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Clinical Usefulness of Lymphedema Measurement Technique Using Ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Soo-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Jin","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Hoon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000257149.42922.7e"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318213a218"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981215)83:12B <2776::AID-CNCR25>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.12338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981215)83:12B <2843::AID-CNCR38>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27467"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"381","article-title":"Prevention and management of arm lymphedema in the patient with breast cancer","volume":"4","author":"Golshan M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Golshan M, , Smith B. Prevention and management of arm lymphedema in the patient with breast cancer. J Support Oncol, 2006; 4:381\u2013386.","journal-title":"J Support Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CNV-48707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-004-2045-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"Measurement of soft tissue compliance with pressure using ultrasonography","volume":"41","author":"Kim W","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim W, , Chung SG, , Kim T, , Seo KS. Measurement of soft tissue compliance with pressure using ultrasonography. Lymphology, 2008; 41:167\u2013177.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Lymphoedema: Lymphoscintigraphy versus other diagnostic techniques-a clinician's point of view","volume":"8","author":"Tomczak H","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tomczak H, , Nyka W, , Lass P. Lymphoedema: Lymphoscintigraphy versus other diagnostic techniques-a clinician's point of view. Nucl Med Rev, 2005; 8:37\u201343.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.26822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1075-122X.2004.21458.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09810.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"42","article-title":"Lymphedema following breast cancer treatment","volume":"70","author":"Davis S","year":"1998","unstructured":"Davis S. Lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. 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Lymphology, 2014; 47:123\u2013133.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Early diagnosis of lymphedema using multiple frequency bioimpedance","volume":"34","author":"Cornish B","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cornish B, , Chapman M, , Hirst C, et al. Early diagnosis of lymphedema using multiple frequency bioimpedance. Lymphology, 2001; 34:2\u201311.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"541","article-title":"Quantitative bioimpedance spectroscopy for the assessment of lymphoedema. Breast Cancer Res","volume":"117","author":"Ward L","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ward L, , Czerniec S, , Kilbreath S. Quantitative bioimpedance spectroscopy for the assessment of lymphoedema. Breast Cancer Res. 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