{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T22:06:17Z","timestamp":1782770777989,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Program (ALERT) at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia is one of the flagship programs of Australia's first fully integrated academic health sciences centre, MQ Health. The aim of this study was to describe our findings of compensatory drainage demonstrated by indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography in cancer-related upper and lower limb lymphedema and how this may be translated into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective data from 339 patients aged between 18 and 90 years with secondary cancer-related unilateral or bilateral lymphedema of the upper or lower limb who underwent ICG lymphography assessment at the ALERT clinic between February 2017 and March 2020 were analyzed. In patients with upper limb lymphedema, the ipsilateral axilla was the most frequent drainage region (74.9%), followed by clavicular (41.8%) and parasternal (11.3%). For patients with mild upper limb lymphedema, 94.4% drained to the ipsilateral axilla. No patients drained to the ipsilateral inguinal region. For lower limb lymphedema, drainage to the ipsilateral inguinal was most common (52.3%), followed by contralateral inguinal (30.7%), popliteal (26.1%), and gluteal (21.6%) regions. Three main patterns of superficial lymphatic compensation were identified based on which anatomical structure carried lymph fluid. Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) was used to facilitate movement of the dye. A light\/effleurage technique was sufficient to move the dye through patent lymphatic vessels; a slow and firmer technique was required to move the dye through areas of bridging dermal backflow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The introduction of ICG lymphography to our program and its use in guiding personalized conservative management plans, including facilitative MLD techniques, has translated into clinical practice and changed research and educational priorities within the ALERT program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2020.0090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T16:31:55Z","timestamp":1607013115000},"page":"56-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Personalizing Conservative Lymphedema Management Using Indocyanine Green-Guided Manual Lymphatic Drainage"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Koelmeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda M.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Mount Wilga Private Hospital, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbie","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Heydon-White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Moloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Gaitatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Boyages","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Icon Cancer Centre, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Suami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences, Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research and Treatment Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2019.0067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70076-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2011.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of lymphedema and arm symptoms on quality of life in breast cancer survivors","volume":"43","author":"Hormes JM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hormes JM, , Bryan C, , Lytle LA, et al. Impact of lymphedema and arm symptoms on quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Lymphology, 2010; 43:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12609-013-0105-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11368"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002670"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.3517"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4239"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2013 consensus document of the International Society of Lymphology","volume":"46","author":"International Society of Lymphology","year":"2013","unstructured":"International Society of Lymphology. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2013 consensus document of the International Society of Lymphology. 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