{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:43:28Z","timestamp":1791229408178,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many methods can quantitatively assess limb lymphedema, but methods to assess breast edema\/lymphedema are quite limited. Thus, there is a need for a convenient and accurate way to quantify and track changes in this condition. Herein, breast tissue dielectric constant (TDC) values that depend on tissue water were used to obtain reference TDC values and interbreast TDC ratios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TDC was measured in both breasts of 61 women who were about to undergo an ultrasound-guided diagnostic biopsy of a single mass (tumor) in 1 breast. Patient age and body mass index were (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) 65.1\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6 (41\u201387 years) and 28.9\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1 (19.1\u201343.7\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). TDC was measured at a standardized site (12 o'clock position) with the TDC probe placed with its outer edge at the periphery of the subareolar region. TDC values of healthy breasts versus tumor breasts showed tumor breasts 3% greater (30.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6 vs. 29.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Patients with benign tumors (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200933) showed no difference between breasts (30.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4 vs. 30.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.434) and had an interbreast TDC ratio (tumor breast\/healthy breast) of 1.013\u2009\u00b1\u20090.077. Patients with malignant tumors (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928) had tumor breast values 5% greater (29.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8 vs. 28.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) and an interbreast ratio of 1.056\u2009\u00b1\u20090.117. The overall interbreast ratio (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200961) was 1.033\u2009\u00b1\u20090.099.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast TDC values from nonedematous breasts provide the basis for calculating potential edematous\/lymphedematous threshold values based on the measured means +2.5 standard deviation (SD). Accordingly, a TDC threshold value of 41 and an interbreast ratio of 1.28 were determined. These parameters have potential applicability for early detection in at-risk patients and those suspected of having breast edema\/lymphedema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2020.0137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T18:27:30Z","timestamp":1616610450000},"page":"33-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Breast Tissue Dielectric Constant as a Potential Breast Edema Assessment Parameter"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Harvey N.","family":"Mayrovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiology, Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Somarriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Specialists of Miami, Aventura, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Weingrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Specialists of Miami, Aventura, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1075-122X.2004.21411.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-014-3110-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820601)49:11<2295::AID-CNCR2820491116>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860410014867"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016925509172744"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","first-page":"154","article-title":"Lymphedema of the operated and irradiated breast in breast cancer patients following breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy","volume":"45","author":"Adriaenssens N","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adriaenssens N, , Verbelen H, , Lievens P, , Lamote J. Lymphedema of the operated and irradiated breast in breast cancer patients following breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy. Lymphology, 2012; 45:154\u2013164.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2007.00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10019-012-0033-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/brst.2000.0196"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/BCBCR.S6128"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002669900139"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Breast edema following breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy","volume":"25","author":"Johnansson K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnansson K, , Lathinen T, , Bjork-Eriksson T. Breast edema following breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy. 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Lymphology, 2011; 44:168\u2013177.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"Localized tissue water changes accompanying one manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) therapy session assessed by changes in tissue dielectric constant inpatients with lower extremity lymphedema","volume":"41","author":"Mayrovitz HN","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mayrovitz HN, , Davey S, , Shapiro E. Localized tissue water changes accompanying one manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) therapy session assessed by changes in tissue dielectric constant inpatients with lower extremity lymphedema. 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