{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:00:21Z","timestamp":1792522821090,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients undergoing surgical treatment for solid tumors are at risk for development of secondary lymphedema due to intraoperative lymphatic vessel injury. The damaged lymphatic vessels fail to adequately regenerate and lymphatic obstruction leads to fluid and protein accumulation in the interstitial space and chronic lymphedema develops as a result. There are currently no effective pharmacological agents that reduce the risk of developing lymphedema or treat pre-existing lymphedema, and management is largely palliative. The present study investigated the efficacy of various 9-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      retinoic acid (9-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      RA) dosing strategies in reducing postsurgical lymphedema by utilizing a well-established mouse tail lymphedema model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Short-duration treatment with 9-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      RA did not demonstrate a significant reduction in postoperative tail volume, nor an improvement in lymphatic clearance. However, long-term treatment with 9-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      RA resulted in decreased overall tail volume, dermal thickness, and epidermal thickness, with an associated increase in functional lymphatic clearance and lymphatic vessel density, assessed by LYVE-1 immunostaining, compared with control. These effects were seen at the site of lymphatic injury, with no significant changes observed in uninjured sites such as ear skin and the diaphragm.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Given the reported results indicating that 9-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      RA is a potent promoter of lymphangiogenesis and improved lymphatic clearance at sites of lymphatic injury, investigation of postoperative 9-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      RA administration to patients at high risk of developing lymphedema may demonstrate positive efficacy and reduced rates of postsurgical lymphedema.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2021.0073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T14:32:30Z","timestamp":1652884350000},"page":"640-650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prolymphangiogenic Effects of 9-\n                    <i>cis<\/i>\n                    Retinoic Acid Are Enhanced at Sites of Lymphatic Injury and Dependent on Treatment Duration in Experimental Postsurgical Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Gene K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Perrault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoun","family":"Bouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin J.","family":"Pourmoussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, 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Kyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Jin N.","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunson","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, 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USA."},{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2016.10.083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(05)80193-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Adipose tissue in lymphedema: The ignorance of adipose tissue in lymphedema","volume":"37","author":"Brorson H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brorson H. 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