{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:00:18Z","timestamp":1792522818604,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exogenous supplementation of thyroid hormone could inhibit excessive fat deposition in lymphedema tissue by suppressing adipogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cell viability, adipogenic differentiation, and mRNA expression were measured in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with L-thyroxine. Twelve mice were divided into control and L-thyroxine groups. Two weeks after lymphedema was surgically induced, the experimental mice were fed L-thyroxine for 4 weeks. Tail volume and body weight were measured, and 6 weeks after the surgery, tail skin and subcutaneous tissue were harvested for histopathologic examination and protein isolation. In 3T3-L1 cells, treatment with 10\u2013500\u2009\u03bcM L-thyroxine did not affect cell viability. Eight days after induction of adipogenic differentiation, lipid accumulation decreased significantly in the 50 and 100\u2009\u03bcM L-thyroxine groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3), CCAAT\/enhancer binding protein \u03b1 (C\/EBP\u03b1), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) decreased significantly in the 100\u2009\u03bcM L-thyroxine group compared with the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017). Lymphedema tails treated with L-thyroxine exhibited decreased volume (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028) and thickness of dermal and subcutaneous tissue (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and increased vascular endothelial growth factor-C protein expression (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017) compared with the control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thyroid hormone therapy inhibits the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and decreases the volume of murine lymphedema tail\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These findings suggest that thyroid hormone therapy could be used to treat lymphedema.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2021.0079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T15:35:06Z","timestamp":1648222506000},"page":"585-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thyroid Hormone Ameliorates Lymphedema by Suppressing Adipogenesis in a Murine Lymphedema Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7802-1272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaehoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanghee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woonhyeok","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taehee","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoun Wook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Sook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70076-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Lymphedema secondary to breast cancer: How choice of measure influences diagnosis, prevalence, and identifiable risk factors","volume":"41","author":"Hayes S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hayes S, , Janda M, , Cornish B, et al. Lymphedema secondary to breast cancer: How choice of measure influences diagnosis, prevalence, and identifiable risk factors. 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Experimental hyperthyroidism decreases gene expression and serum levels of adipokines in obesity. 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