{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T19:42:42Z","timestamp":1789933362059,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Secondary lymphedema of the extremities affects millions of people in the world as a common side effect of oncological treatments with heavy impact on every day life of patients and on the health care system. One of the surgical techniques for lymphedema treatment is the creation of a local connection between lymphatic vessels and veins, facilitating drainage of lymphatic fluid into the circulatory system. Successful results, however, rely on using a functional vessel for the anastomosis, and vessel function, in turn, depends on its structure. The structure of lymphatic collecting vessels changes with the progression of lymphedema. They appear initially dilated by excess interstitial fluid entered at capillary level. The number of lymphatic smooth muscle cells in their media then increases in the attempt to overcome the impaired drainage. When lymphatic muscle cells hyperplasia occurs at the expenses of the lumen, vessel patency decreases hampering lymph flow. Finally, collagen fiber accumulation leads to complete occlusion of the lumen rendering the vessel unfit to conduct lymph. Different types of vessels may coexist in the same patient but usually the distal part of the limb contains less affected vessels that are more likely to perform efficient lymphatic\u2013venular anastomosis. Here we review the structure of the lymphatic collecting vessels in health and in lymphedema, focusing on the histopathological changes of the lymphatic vessel wall based on the observations on segments of the vessels used for lymphatic\u2013venular anastomoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2021.0090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T12:19:52Z","timestamp":1642508392000},"page":"468-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Lymphatic Collecting Vessels in Health and Disease: A Review of Histopathological Modifications in Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Aglian\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Bertelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Gabriele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese AOUS, Siena, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese AOUS, Siena, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8794-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.704098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.7.1505"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"S0025","article-title":"Overview of lymphedema for physicians and other clinicians: A review of fundamental concepts","volume":"20","author":"Manrique OJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manrique OJ, , Bustos S, , Ciudad P, , Adabi K, , Chen WF, , Forte AJ, et al. 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