{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T11:01:02Z","timestamp":1785841262484,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optimal frequency and duration of pneumatic compression device (PCD) therapy for lymphedema is undetermined. This prospective, randomized preliminary study evaluated the impact of different PCD dosing protocols on physiological and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to estimate treatment effects, assess the responsiveness of various measurement techniques, and identify endpoints for a definitive PCD dosing trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-one patients with lower extremity lymphedema were randomized into three groups for treatment with the Flexitouch advanced PCD: (A) once per day for 1 hour, 12 consecutive days; (B) twice per day in 1-hour treatments, 5 consecutive days; or (C) twice per day in 2-hour treatments, 5 consecutive days. Outcomes measured were changes in limb volume (LV), tissue fluid, tissue tone, and PROs. Those in group A experienced mean (standard deviation) LV reductions of 109 (58) mL (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) on day 1 and of 97 (86) mL (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024) on day 5. Group A also showed possible single-treatment decreases in extracellular fluid volume by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) on day 5. There were no consistent changes in groups B and C. Long-term assessment of LV and BIS showed no clear change. Tonometry, ultrasound, local tissue water, and PROs showed wide variation among participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LV measurements showed potential benefit for 1-hour daily PCD treatment. A definitive dosing trial should include LV, BIS, and PROs in a comparison of 1- and 2-hour daily treatment protocols conducted over a study period of 4 weeks. These data may inform appropriate outcome measures for other intervention studies in lymphedema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2022.0087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T10:44:25Z","timestamp":1683197065000},"page":"456-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Prospective Preliminary Study Examining the Physiological Impact of Pneumatic Compression Dosing in the Treatment of Lower Extremity Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3004-2821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaughan","family":"Keeley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lymphoedema Service, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, United Kingdom."},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Riches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lymphoedema Service, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leigh","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Franks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Implementation of Clinical Practice, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2018.0034"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology","volume":"53","author":"Executive Committee of the International Society of Lymphology","year":"2020","unstructured":"Executive Committee of the International Society of Lymphology. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology, 2020; 53(1):3\u201319.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2017.0039"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Reliability and limits of agreement of circumferential, water displacement, and optoelectronic volumetry in the measurement of upper limb lymphedema","volume":"40","author":"Deltombe T","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deltombe T, , Jamart J, , Recloux S, et al. Reliability and limits of agreement of circumferential, water displacement, and optoelectronic volumetry in the measurement of upper limb lymphedema. 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