{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:43:08Z","timestamp":1791056588579,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluation of lymph circulation is significant in lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) management. Single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) has been introduced for lymphedema evaluation, but its characteristic findings are yet fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to reveal typical SPECT-CT findings in secondary LEL by contrasting with indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a single-center retrospective case\u2013control study. Medical charts of cancer survivors who underwent SPECT-CT and ICG lymphography for secondary LEL were reviewed. Lymphedematous limbs were defined as ICG lymphography stage I\u2013V and non-lymphedematous limbs were defined as ICG lymphography stage 0. Characteristic SPECT-CT findings were identified in early phase and delay phase, and prevalence of the findings was compared between lymphedematous limbs and non-lymphedematous limbs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-four limbs of 17 patients were included in this study; 6 (17.6%) non-lymphedematous limbs and 28 (82.4%) lymphedematous limbs. Four characteristic SPECT-CT findings were identified; delayed enhancement of the main lower leg lymphatic pathway (DML), few delayed inguinal lymph nodes enhancement (FDN), early phase discontinuous enhancement of the main lymphatic pathway (EDM), and nonenhancement of the deep lymphatic pathways in early phase (NDE). Between lymphedematous and non-lymphedematous limbs, there were statistically significant differences in FDN (64.3% vs. 0%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) and EDM (67.9% vs. 0%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FDN and EDM are characteristic SPECT-CT findings in secondary LEL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2023.0051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T12:04:30Z","timestamp":1714046670000},"page":"190-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Characteristic Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography-Computed Tomography Findings in Lower Extremity Lymphedema: Comparison to Indocyanine Green Lymphography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-5071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayahito","family":"Sakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toko","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Kanasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Tsukuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331977802901007"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Lymphscintigraphic evaluation manual lymphatic drainage for lower extremity lymphedema","volume":"39","author":"Kafejian-Haddad AP","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kafejian-Haddad AP, , Perez JM, , Castiglioni ML, et al. Lymphscintigraphic evaluation manual lymphatic drainage for lower extremity lymphedema. Lymphology, 2006; 39(1):41\u201348.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004694"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"The third circulation: radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of lymphedema","volume":"44","author":"Szuba A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Szuba A, , Shin WS, , Strauss HW, , Rockson S. The third circulation: radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy in the evaluation of lymphedema. J Nucl Med, 2003; 44(1):43\u201357.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253900"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee BB Rockson SG Bergan J. Lymphedema. Springer: Cham; 2018; pp. 257\u2013313.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-52423-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318255168a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2013.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2017.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182268da8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31820cf5df"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2020.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2021.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2018.10.006"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","article-title":"A systematic review of magnetic resonance lymphography for the evaluation of peripheral lymphedema","volume":"8","author":"Miser\u00e9 RML","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miser\u00e9 RML, , Wolfs JAGN, , Lobbes MBI, et al. A systematic review of magnetic resonance lymphography for the evaluation of peripheral lymphedema. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2020; 8(5):882.e2\u2013892.e2.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.1.188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24974"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2013.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318285875f"}],"container-title":["Lymphatic Research and Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/lrb.2023.0051","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lrb.2023.0051","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/lrb.2023.0051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:15:08Z","timestamp":1777666508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/lrb.2023.0051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/lrb.2023.0051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lrb.2023.0051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-6851","1557-8585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1539-6851","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}}}