{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T18:34:02Z","timestamp":1771871642650,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]],"date-time":"1997-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":880934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Resistance to macrolides has increasingly been reported for Group A streptococci. In this study, the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibiotic susceptibility pattern of 305 clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    was determined. Strains were isolated during 1996 from pharyngeal swabs of children with uncomplicated pharyngitis living in 2 Italian cities: Milano and Catania, situated in the North and South of Italy, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>All isolates were found to be fully susceptible to penicillin and other \u03b2-lactam agents tested. Susceptibility to macrolides differed markedly between the two centers with relatively high resistance rates to erythromycin being observed in Milano (30%) as compared to Catania (3%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Resistance to erythromycin was always crossed with that of the other 14- and 15-membered macrolides tested. However, resistance to josamycin and clindamycin was generally found in approximately 25% of the erythromycin-resistant (ER) strains. The erythromycin-resistant isolates from Milano and Catania (58 strains) were further subdivided into the three previously described resistance phenotypes: constitutive, inducible, and novel resistance phenotypes. The novel resistance phenotype accounted for 58% of all resistant strains, while 17% and 26% were found to be of the inducible and constitutive resistance phenotypes. Strains of the novel resistance phenotype were characterized by lower MIC values (MIC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 16 mg\/L) to 14 and 15 carbon atom macrolides as compared to the other two phenotypes (MIC\n                    <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                    &gt; 128 mg\/L), and retained susceptibility to clindamycin and to josamycin, a 16 carbon atom macrolide. Resistance to tetracyclines was found in 25% to 36% of the ER isolates as compared to 2% to 10% of the susceptible strains. In particular, resistance to this agent was more commonly associated to isolates belonging to the novel and constitutive resistance phenotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>MIC values for chloramphenicol in all isolates were within the susceptible or intermediate range; decreased susceptibility to this agent did not appear to be associated with erythromycin resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1997.3.379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T19:18:17Z","timestamp":1233256697000},"page":"379-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antibiotic Susceptibility of Group A Streptococci in 2 Italian Cities: Milano and Catania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Clementina","family":"Cocuzza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Blandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Mattina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Nicoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Nicoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.1997.3.379","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.1997.3.379","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:12:52Z","timestamp":1770747172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.1997.3.379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.1997.3.379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.1997.3.379","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}}}