{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:22:27Z","timestamp":1777922547279,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The nature of the temporal relationship between antibacterial consumption and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    penicillin resistance is investigated using population level data across time. IMS Health Global Services provided\nnational outpatient antibiotic prescription data for the years 1996\u20132003 from France, Spain, Italy, Germany,\nthe United Kingdom, and the United States. Surveillance data consist of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates obtained\nfrom a surveillance database in the same geographic regions from 1996 to 2003. A linear mixed model\nfor repeated measures was used to analyze the association between resistance and several antibacterial classes\nthrough time. Changes in penicillin resistance through time in any country are better explained by the weighted\ncumulative antibacterial consumption with a 2-year lag. Narrow-spectrum penicillins are associated with lower\nresistance rates. Large reductions in consumption at the population level are needed to affect resistance. There\nis a peak level of penicillin resistance associated with cumulative exposure to a combination of antibiotic classes\nthat is unique for every country.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,26]],"date-time":"2006-09-26T10:30:33Z","timestamp":1159266633000},"page":"158-163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antibacterial Use and\n                    <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    Penicillin Resistance: A Temporal Relationship Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Robertino M.","family":"Mera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.158","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.158","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:23:28Z","timestamp":1777667008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2006.12.158","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}