{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:22:39Z","timestamp":1777922559521,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Natural resistance of field strains of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to drugs from the sulfonamide class of antimicrobials that act by inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) has been reported. Though the structure of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    DHPS has been determined, its connection to the apparent intrinsic sulfonamide resistance of the bacterium has not been established. The aim of this study was to determine if a connection exists between DHPS and the observed sulfonamide resistance of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Microdilution broth assays verified that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sterne is highly resistant to a variety of sulfonamides with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) exceeding 1250\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/ml. A putative gene encoding DHPS (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">folP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was amplified from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sterne chromosomal DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned. Sequence comparisons showed 100% identity with DHPSs from published genome sequences for various strains of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additionally, expression of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">folP<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sterne was confirmed. Functionality of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    DHPS was confirmed by complementation of an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli folP<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion mutant as well as a standard enzyme assay. Concomitant transfer of high level sulfonamide resistance to this mutant along with increased sulfonamide IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values for purified\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    DHPS links DHPS to sulfonamide resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings lay the groundwork that will aid future development of antimicrobics that target DHPS to treat anthrax infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2006.9992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,30]],"date-time":"2007-05-30T12:32:36Z","timestamp":1180528356000},"page":"11-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genetic Basis for Sulfonamide Resistance in\n                    <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Michelle Wright","family":"Valderas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Barrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2006.9992","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2006.9992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:23:47Z","timestamp":1777667027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2006.9992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2006.9992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2006.9992","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}