{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:58:19Z","timestamp":1792425499313,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:italic>\n Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) provides protection against invasive pneumococcal disease that extends to unvaccinated populations, such as elderly or immunocompromised adults. PCV7 also reduces incidence of pneumococcal penicillin resistance. In this study, the potential impact of PCV7 on pneumococcal fluoroquinolone resistance was examined.\n Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n U.S. levofloxacin-resistant isolates (264) from TRUST surveillance studies (1999\u20132004) were serotyped and quinolone resistance\u2013determining region of\n parC\/E<\/jats:italic>\n and\n gyrA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n sequenced. Changes in prevalence of vaccine\/nonvaccine serotypes during 2000\u20132004 and 1999\u20132004 were analyzed by regression analyses and chi-square trend test.\n Results:<\/jats:italic>\n The introduction of PCV7 (2000\u20132004) did not affect fluoroquinolone resistance prevalence, but mutants with vaccine serotypes declined linearly at \u22126.6 \u00b1 0.8% per year (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003), with concomitant replacement by nonvaccine serotypes; vaccine-related serotypes (6A, 9N, 19A, and 23N) increased (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04). Differential selection between vaccine and nonvaccine serotypes occurred for mutants containing amino acid substitutions at either ParC Ser79 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01) or both ParC Ser79 and GyrA Ser81 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04). Among mutants with ParC Ser79 substitutions, vaccine serotypes declined linearly (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02), whereas nonvaccine serotypes increased (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04). Additionally, a vaccine-independent effect became apparent during 1999\u20132004, as the incidence of ParC Ser79 and Asp83 mutations declined in fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, suggesting that these substitutions conferred decreased fitness.\n Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n PCV7 has led to extensive replacement of vaccine serotypes by nonvaccine serotypes among levofloxacin-resistant pneumococci.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2008.0805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,17]],"date-time":"2008-08-17T17:41:07Z","timestamp":1218994867000},"page":"187-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on U.S. Levofloxacin-Resistant\n Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Raritan, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. Cheung","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ortho-McNeil Inc., Raritan, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Raritan, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Sahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eurofins Inc., Herndon, Virginia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ortho-McNeil Inc., Raritan, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Goldschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Raritan, New Jersey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2008.0805","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2008.0805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:24:42Z","timestamp":1777667082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2008.0805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2008.0805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2008.0805","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}}}