{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:18:22Z","timestamp":1791249502938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study explored the prevalence and persistence of acquired antimicrobial resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    from healthy broilers. In 32 broiler farms, cloacal samples were taken during two production rounds, with one production round in between. For 10 of the sampled flocks, samples from the carcasses at the slaughterhouse were also collected. For\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , high levels of resistance were found for ampicillin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfonamide. Over 58% of all the isolates showed resistance to four or more antimicrobial agents. Only 4.8% were fully susceptible for all 14 drugs tested. A remarkably high resistance rate (up to 41%) to ceftiofur was found. The enterococci were frequently resistant to macrolides, tetracycline, and the combination quinopristin\/dalfopristin. Over 80% displayed acquired resistance to four or more antimicrobial agents, and 3.9% were fully susceptible for the eight agents tested. Resistance was found to persist over consecutive production rounds. There was a good correlation between results obtained with cloacal samples of the live animals and caecal content samples collected in the slaughterhouse for both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    . For\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the resistance profile of neck skin isolates was different from that of cloacal isolates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,3]],"date-time":"2009-12-03T11:31:30Z","timestamp":1259839890000},"page":"67-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Prevalence and Persistence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Broiler Indicator Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Davy","family":"Persoons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Dewulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemieke","family":"Smet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieve","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Heyndrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boudewijn","family":"Catry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute of Public Health","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Butaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"CODA-CERVA-VAR","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Haesebrouck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2004.00775.x","article-title":"Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance among food animals: principles and limitations","volume":"51","author":"Aarestrup F.M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aarestrup F.M. 2004. Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance among food animals: principles and limitations. J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health, 51:380\u2013388.","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2003.01988.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2007.744","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli through the digestive tract of veal calves","volume":"13","author":"Catry B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Catry B., , Dewulf J., , Goffin T., , Decostere A., , Haesebrouck F., , De Kruif A. 2007. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli through the digestive tract of veal calves. Microb. Drug Resist., 13:147\u2013150.","journal-title":"Microb. 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Proceedings of the 16th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases1\u20134th April 2006, Nice, France.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 16th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"[EUCAST] European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. www.eucast.org. 2009January(Online)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1078\/0723-2020-00004","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of intestinal bacteria from Swiss poultry flocks before the ban of antimicrobial growth promoters","volume":"24","author":"Frei A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Frei A., , Goldenberger D., , Teuber M. 2001. Antimicrobial susceptibility of intestinal bacteria from Swiss poultry flocks before the ban of antimicrobial growth promoters. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 24:116\u2013121.","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. 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