{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:23:07Z","timestamp":1777922587368,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"\n Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates of\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n have been increasingly recognized in the hospital settings in Iran as well as throughout the world. The aim of this study was to detect and determine the genes encoding the ESBLs including\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n groups among the\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n isolates at Labbafinejad Hospital by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and characterize them by direct sequencing of PCR products. Eighty-nine isolates were isolated from patients at different wards during March 2008\u2013March 2009. They were identified as\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n using biochemical tests. Susceptibility of isolates to 17 different antimicrobial agents was determined using agar disk diffusion method. The phenotypic confirmatory test was used to screen the isolates for production of ESBLs. To amplify the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n the template DNA was extracted by boiling method. Plasmid DNA was extracted using minipreparation kit and used as template in PCR for detection of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n . The selected PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. All 89 strains were susceptible to imipenem. The rates of resistance to different antibiotics were in the following order: aztronam (79.7%), cefexime (67.4%), cefpodoxime (66.2%), cefotaxime (65.1%), ceftazidime (61.7%). The phenotypic confirmatory test detected 62 isolates (69.7%) as ESBL-producing\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n . The prevalence of genes encoding ESBLs were as follows:\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n 54% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200948),\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n 67.4% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200960),\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-I<\/jats:sub>\n 46.51% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200940), and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-III<\/jats:sub>\n 29% (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200925). The\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-II<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-IV<\/jats:sub>\n were not detected. All\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n types were characterized as\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n and all\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-I<\/jats:sub>\n were identified as\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n . The SHV types were characterized as SHV-5, SHV-11, and SHV-12. The rate of ESBL at Labbafinejad Hospital was 25% increase in a 4-year study that ended in March 2009. It appears that\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV-5<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV-11<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV-12<\/jats:sub>\n , and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n are the dominant ESBLs among the resistant strains of\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n in Iran.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,7]],"date-time":"2009-12-07T10:33:17Z","timestamp":1260181997000},"page":"49-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Distribution of\n bla<\/i>\n TEM<\/sub>\n ,\n bla<\/i>\n SHV<\/sub>\n ,\n bla<\/i>\n CTX-M<\/sub>\n Genes Among Clinical Isolates of\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n at Labbafinejad Hospital, Tehran, Iran"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Mehdi","family":"Feizabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Delfani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nafiseh","family":"Raji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Araz","family":"Majnooni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Aligholi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Shahcheraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Parvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davud","family":"Yadegarinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.55306","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","volume":"29","author":"Al-Agamy M.H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Agamy M.H., , Shib A.M., , Tawfik A.F. 2009. Prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ann. Saudi Med., 29:253\u2013257.","journal-title":"Ann. Saudi Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000109587","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"17","author":"Al-Zarouni M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Zarouni M., , Senok A., , Rashid F., , Al-Jesmi S.M., , Panigrahi D. 2008. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the United Arab Emirates. Med. Princ. Pract., 17:32\u201336.","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01431-06","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in various types of private health care centers","volume":"51","author":"Arpin C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arpin C., , Coulange L., , Dubois V., , Andr\u00e9 C., , Fischer I., , Fourmaux S. et al. 2007. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae strains in various types of private health care centers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51:3440\u20133444.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.8.2230-2230.2000","article-title":"Are SHV beta-lactamases universal in Klebsiella pneumoniae?","volume":"44","author":"Babini G.S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Babini G.S., , Livermore D.M. 2000. Are SHV beta-lactamases universal in Klebsiella pneumoniae? Antimicrob. 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Increasing prevalence of ESBL- producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Euro Surveill., 13:pii19044.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn287","article-title":"Expansion and countrywide dissemination of ST11, ST15, and ST147 ciprofloxacin-resistant CTX-M-15-type beta-lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clones in Hungary in 2005-the new MRSAs?","volume":"62","author":"Damjanova IToth A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Damjanova IToth A., , Paszti J., , Hajbel-Vekony G., , Jakab M., , Berta J., , Milch H. et al. 2008. Expansion and countrywide dissemination of ST11, ST15, and ST147 ciprofloxacin-resistant CTX-M-15-type beta-lactamases producing Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clones in Hungary in 2005-the new MRSAs? J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 62:978\u2013985.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. 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Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: implications for the clinical laboratory and therapy. Korean J. Lab Med., 28:401\u2013412.","journal-title":"Korean J. Lab Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.2122-2125.2005","article-title":"Spanish Group for Nosocomial Infections. Nationwide study of Esherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Spain","volume":"49","author":"Hernandez J.R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hernandez J.R., , Martinez-Martinez L., , Canton R., , Coque T.M., , Pascual A. 2005. Spanish Group for Nosocomial Infections. Nationwide study of Esherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in Spain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49:2122\u20132125.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn181","article-title":"Turkey: a further country concerned by community-acquired of Esherichia coli clone 025-ST131producing CTX-M-15","volume":"62","author":"Yumuk Z.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yumuk Z., , Afacan G., , Nicolas-Chanoine M.H., , Sotto A., , Lavigne J.P. 2008. Turkey: a further country concerned by community-acquired of Esherichia coli clone 025-ST131producing CTX-M-15. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 62:284\u2013288.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. 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