{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:30:12Z","timestamp":1791354612061,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were obtained from hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients in Belgium between August 2006 and November 2007. The antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was determined and their ESBL genes were characterized. Clonal relationships between the CTX-M-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates causing urinary tract infections were also studied. A total of 90 hospital- and 45 community-acquired cephalosporin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were obtained. Tetracycline, enrofloxacine, gentamicin, and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethaxozole resistance rates were significantly different between the community-onset and hospital-acquired isolates. A high diversity of different ESBLs was observed among the hospital-acquired\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, whereas CTX-M-15 was dominating among the community-acquired\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200928). Thirteen different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles were observed in the community-acquired CTX-M-15-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , indicating that multiple clones have acquired the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene. All community-acquired CTX-M-15-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates of phylogroups B2 and D were assigned to the sequence type ST131. The hospital-acquired CTX-M-15-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates of phylogroups B2, B1, A, and D corresponded to ST131, ST617, ST48, and ST405, respectively. In conclusion, CTX-M-type ESBLs have emerged as the predominant class of ESBLs produced by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates in the hospital and community in Belgium. Of particular concern is the predominant presence of the CTX-M-15 enzyme in ST131 community-acquired\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,7]],"date-time":"2010-04-07T02:06:20Z","timestamp":1270605980000},"page":"129-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Characterization of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases Produced by\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolated from Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Patients: Emergence of CTX-M-15-Producing Strains Causing Urinary Tract Infections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Annemieke","family":"Smet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, CODA-CERVA-VAR, Brussels, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Martel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davy","family":"Persoons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium."},{"name":"Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Dewulf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Heyndrickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert","family":"Claeys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Lontie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medisch Centrum voor Huisartsen (\u201cmedical center serving only general practitioners\u201d), Leuven, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britt","family":"Van Meensel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medisch Centrum voor Huisartsen (\u201cmedical center serving only general practitioners\u201d), Leuven, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieve","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"Haesebrouck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Butaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, CODA-CERVA-VAR, Brussels, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02549-05","article-title":"Clonal emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M-2)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolates with reduced susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin among poultry and humans in Belgium and France (2000 to 2003)","volume":"44","author":"Bertrand S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bertrand S., , Weill F.X., , Cloeckaert A., , Vrints M., , Mairiaux E., , Praud K., , Dierick K., , Wildemauve C., , Godard C., , Butaye P., , Imbrechts H., , Grimont P.A., , Collard J.M. 2006. Clonal emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M-2)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolates with reduced susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin among poultry and humans in Belgium and France (2000 to 2003) J. Clin. Microbiol., 44:2897\u20132903.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001","article-title":"\u03b2-Lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology and detection of this important resistance threat","volume":"14","author":"Bradford P.A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bradford P.A. 2005. \u03b2-Lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 14:933\u2013951.","journal-title":"Clin. 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Clonal dissemination of a CTX-M-15 \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strain in the Paris area, Tunis and Bangui. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50:2433\u20132438.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg353","article-title":"Detection of CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in the United Kingdom","volume":"52","author":"Mushtaq S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mushtaq S., , Woodford N., , Potz N., , Livermore D.M. 2003. Detection of CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in the United Kingdom. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 52:528\u2013529.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. 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Molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli causing bacteraemia in the Calgary Health Region 2000\u201307: the emergence of clone ST131 as a cause of community-acquired infections. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 53:2846\u20132851.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4667","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4667-4670.2005","article-title":"Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolates that produce CTX-M-type extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"49","author":"Pitout J.D.D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pitout J.D.D., , Laupland K.B., , Church D.L., , Menard M.L., , Johnson J.R. 2005. Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolates that produce CTX-M-type extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49:4667\u20134670.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.071299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00533-09","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli at a Tertiary medical center in Western Pennsylvania","volume":"53","author":"Sidjabat H.E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sidjabat H.E., , Paterson D.L., , Adams-Haduch J.M., , Ewan L., , Pasculle A.W., , Muto C.A., , Tian G.B., , Doi Y. 2009. Molecular epidemiology of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli at a Tertiary medical center in Western Pennsylvania. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 53:4733\u20134739.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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