{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:23:34Z","timestamp":1777922614139,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Shigellosis is a major cause of diarrheal diseases among children in Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands, India, which have a population of 350,000 people, including settlers from mainland India and 6 indigenous tribes. From the last one-and-half decade, we have been monitoring the species distribution and emergence of antibiotic resistance among the isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The circulating\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains have been found rapidly acquiring resistance to a wide spectrum of antibiotics. The recent data indicate that a significant proportion of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates have been resistant to newer generation of cephalosporins, which are used as an alternative of quinolones to treat the patients with shigellosis. In this communication, we report the antibiotic-resistant pattern of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates that are recently isolated from these islands. From January 2008 to December 2009, 311 stool samples were processed and 44 (14%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were recovered. Out of these 44\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, 6 (14%) were found to be resistant to all the three third-generation cephalosporins tested. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the resistant isolates were all above the breakpoint for reduced susceptibility as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. All of the cephalosporin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were confirmed to produce extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases. By analyzing trends in the resistance patterns of the various\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, we found that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (40%) is currently more resistant, followed by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    (14%), than the other\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species in these islands of India, especially to the third-generation cephalosporins. The acquisition of resistance by enteric pathogens to the increasing number of antibacterial drugs is becoming a grave concern, particularly in developing countries where shigellosis is of a common occurrence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2010.0084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,26]],"date-time":"2011-02-26T04:04:56Z","timestamp":1298693096000},"page":"329-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Rapid Emergence of Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance in\n                    <i>Shigella<\/i>\n                    Sp. Isolated in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Debdutta","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research)","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sugunan Attayur","family":"Purushottaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research)","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haimanti","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research)","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramanathan","family":"Thamizhmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research)","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayi Devarajan","family":"Sudharama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research)","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sathya Prakash","family":"Manimunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research)","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ageshwar Prasad","family":"Bharadwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chirayu Child Care Centre","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munni","family":"Singhania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G.B. Pant Hospital","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subarna","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research)","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg080","article-title":"Growing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates","volume":"51","author":"Ashkenazi S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ashkenazi S., , Levy I., , Kazaronovski V., , Samra Z. 2003. Growing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 51:819\u2013823.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.3.500","article-title":"Death in shigellosis: incidence and risk factors in hospitalized patients","volume":"160","author":"Bennish M.L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bennish M.L., , Harris J.R., , Wojtyniak B.J., , Struelens M. 1990. Death in shigellosis: incidence and risk factors in hospitalized patients. J. Infect. Dis., 160:500\u2013506.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","volume-title":"Approved Standard M2-A10","author":"[CLSI] Clinical, Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2007","unstructured":"[CLSI] Clinical, Laboratory Standards Institute. 2007. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests. Approved Standard M2-A10. CLSI: Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.5.685","article-title":"SHV-type extended-spectrum b-lactamase in a Shigella flexneri clinical isolate","volume":"47","author":"Fortineau N.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fortineau N., , Naas T., , Gaillot O., , Nordmann P. 2001. SHV-type extended-spectrum b-lactamase in a Shigella flexneri clinical isolate. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 47:685\u2013688.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"134","article-title":"Existing status of shigellosis in Andaman & Nicobar Islands","volume":"103","author":"Ghosh A.R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ghosh A.R., , Sehgal S.C. 1996. Existing status of shigellosis in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Indian J. Med. Res., 103:134\u2013137.","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898008978","article-title":"Shigella infections among children in Andaman\u2014an archipelago of tropical islands in Bay of Bengal","volume":"121","author":"Ghosh A.R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ghosh A.R., , Sehgal S.C. 1998. Shigella infections among children in Andaman\u2014an archipelago of tropical islands in Bay of Bengal. Epidemiol. Infect., 121:43\u201348.","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Changes in incidence of shigella subgroups and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Vellore, South India","volume":"88","author":"Jesudason M.V.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jesudason M.V., , Lalitha M.K., , Koshi G. 1985. Changes in incidence of shigella subgroups and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Vellore, South India. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 88:355\u2013358.","journal-title":"J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5264","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5264-5269.2004","article-title":"Occurrence of extended-spectrum b-lactamases in members of the genus Shigella in the Republic of Korea","volume":"42","author":"Kim S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim S., , Kim J., , Kang Y., , Park Y., , Lee B. 2004. Occurrence of extended-spectrum b-lactamases in members of the genus Shigella in the Republic of Korea. J. Clin. Microbiol., 42:5264\u20135269.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"651","article-title":"Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies","volume":"77","author":"Kotloff K.L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kotloff K.L., , Winickoff J.P., , Ivanoff B., , Clemens J.D., , Swerdlow D.L., , Samsonetti P.J., , Adak G.K., , Levine M.M. 1999. Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies. Bull. World Health Organ., 77:651\u2013666.","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1304.061160","article-title":"Novel extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in Shigella sonnei","volume":"13","author":"Lefort A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lefort A., , Arlet G., , Join-Lambert O.F., , Lecuit M., , Lortholary O. 2007. Novel extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase in Shigella sonnei. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 13:653\u2013654.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmp118","article-title":"Emergence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporin in Shigella\u2014a case report","volume":"56","author":"Mandal J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mandal J., , Mondal N., , Mahadevan S., , Parija S.C. 2010. Emergence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporin in Shigella\u2014a case report. J. Trop. Pediatr., 56:278\u2013279.","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3214-3221.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"51","volume-title":"DNA Markers\u2013Protocols, Applications, and Overviews","author":"Rademaker J.L.W.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rademaker J.L.W., , DeBruijn F.J. 1997. Characterization and classification of microbes by REP-PCR genomic fingerprinting and computer assisted pattern analysis. Caetano-Anolles G., , Gresshoff P.M. 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